PROBITY IN CHILE: BETWEEN REACTIVITY AND AGREEMENTS. AN EVOLUTIONARY ANALYSIS OF INTEGRITY POLICIES

Abstract

Corruption problems are not new and have been present in different manifestations throughout our history. Since the 1990s, the issue has begun to gain relevance in the public debate and, particularly, with more strength since the National Commission on Public Ethics in 1994. Particularly, between the years 1990 and 2016, three critical junctures have detonated that have marked the institutional development in terms of probity, a first one linked to the fraud in CODELCO, a second one marked by the MOP-GATE and Chile Deportes cases and, a third one by the cases of legal financing of politics (PENTA and SQM). From each crisis, it is observed that there is a particular way, a shared and limited meaning of understanding this phenomenon, due to the need to form political agreements and to react to such situations. Offering an evolutionary analysis of integrity policies will allow us to reflect on the successes and mistakes, as well as to rethink an active systemic model to promote public integrity.