Artificial Intelligence in the public sector. Theoretical approaches and proposals for innovative management in Latin America
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29393/GP10-9SPLA20009Keywords:
artificial intelligence, public administration, algorithmic governance, technological sovereigntyAbstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming public administration worldwide by optimizing decision-making and management processes, although in Latin America it faces challenges related to digital divides, ethical dilemmas, and regulatory weaknesses. This study analyzes theoretical approaches and practical experiences of AI integration in the public sectors of Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, Chile, and Uruguay, proposing a context-specific model of algorithmic governance for the region. A multimethod design was applied, including a systematic literature review (2018–2024), a comparative analysis of regulatory frameworks and national AI strategies, and a sociotechnical framework that integrates state capacities and the political economy of technology.
The findings identify a “public AI trilemma” based on the tension between efficiency, technological autonomy, and equity, as well as three possible institutional configurations—centralized, federated, and networked—depending on each state’s level of maturity. The study concludes that the most sustainable models emerge in administrations with robust bureaucratic capacities and active citizen participation. The adoption of AI redefines public legitimacy, shifting trust from bureaucratic impartiality toward algorithmic opacity, which may reinforce structural inequalities. Therefore, AI implementation requires algorithmic accountability mechanisms and democratic governance capable of balancing technological innovation, citizen oversight, and social justice. In summary, public sector AI in Latin America demands strengthening state capacities, inclusive regulatory frameworks, and participatory processes that ensure efficiency alongside equity and technological sovereignty.
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