Cambios en la mandíbula en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en etapa pretrasplante: Un análisis radiomorfométrico mediante radiografía panorámica

Autores/as

Palabras clave:

Trasplantes, Densidad ósea, Estudio retrospectivo, Radiografía panorámica, Trastorno mineral y óseo asociado a la enfermedad renal crónica, Enfermedad renal

Resumen

Objetivos: La enfermedad renal crónica se caracteriza por diversas complicaciones sistémicas derivadas de un profundo desequilibrio hidroelectrolítico, metabólico e inmunológico. Las anomalías en el metabolismo del calcio y el fósforo son muy prevalentes en pacientes renales y aumentan las complicaciones sistémicas. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el riesgo de baja densidad ósea en pacientes renales mediante la evaluación de radiografías panorámicas mediante índices radiomorfométricos: ancho cortical mandibular (ACM), índice mandibular panorámico (IMP) y grado de reabsorción ósea alveolar mandibular (cociente M/M).
Material y Metodos: Se evaluó una muestra de 60 radiografías panorámicas: 20 pacientes renales adultos pretrasplante, grupo de casos (G1) y 40 controles, pareados por sexo y edad (G2). Se midieron las medidas morfométricas de peso corporal medio (MCW), índice de masa corporal (PMI) y relación M/M. Las radiografías se analizaron en cuanto a ausencia dentaria, calcificación del ligamento estilohioideo (CSHL) y áreas radiopacas idiopáticas.
Resultados: Los índices radiomorfométricos fueron significativamente menores en las mujeres antes del trasplante (p<0,05) y no se observaron diferencias significativas entre los hombres del grupo de prueba y del grupo control. Se observó una mayor frecuencia de enostosis en las mujeres y de calcificación de CSHC en los hombres en los pacientes antes del trasplante (p>0,05).
Conclusiones: Estos resultados sugieren que las mujeres antes del trasplante pueden presentar osteopenia mandibular más pronunciada.

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Publicado

2025-12-31

Cómo citar

1.
Feitosa de Oliveira T, Quirino Silveira Soares M, Rubira-Bullen IR, Sarmento V, Mello W, Camargo MF, Marques Honório H, da Silva Santos PS. Cambios en la mandíbula en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en etapa pretrasplante: Un análisis radiomorfométrico mediante radiografía panorámica. J Oral Res [Internet]. 31 de diciembre de 2025 [citado 4 de mayo de 2026];14(1):472-81. Disponible en: https://revistas.udec.cl/index.php/journal_of_oral_research/article/view/23445

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