Severidad de las maloclusiones y su relación con la Calidad de Vida en niños según nivel socioeconómico en la Región de La Araucanía, Chile
Palabras clave:
Calidad de Vida, Maloclusión, Salud bucal, Ortodoncia, Niño y adolescenteResumen
Introducción: La calidad de vida relacionada a Salud Oral puede ser evaluada mediante el Cuestionario de impacto en La Calidad de Vida Asociada a Maloclusiones (CVAM). La relación entre la CVAM, la severidad de las maloclusiones y el nivel socioeconómico no está clara ni ha sido estudiada en Chile. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el nivel de CVAM en niños entre 10 a 16 años y determinar si existen diferencias según la severidad de la maloclusión y el Índice de Desarrollo Comunal (IDC).
Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal en una muestra de 306 sujetos, seleccionados aleatoriamente entre colegios de la Región de La Araucanía. Se aplicó el Índice de Estética Dental (IED) y el Cuestionario de Impacto de Maloclusiones.
Resultados: La frecuencia de maloclusiones fue 45,8% maloclusión menor, 23,1% maloclusión definida, 17% maloclusión severa y 14,1% maloclusión muy severa. La CVAM fue mala (34%). Los niños con maloclusión menor presentaron una mediana CVAM (33,6%), mientras que aquellos con maloclusión definida, severa y muy severa presentaron una mala CVAM (36,6%, 46,2% y 41,9% respectivamente)- No existió relación entre el IED y la CVAM. Las diferencias entre ciudades de distinto IDC no fueron estadísticamente significativas.
Conclusiones: La severidad de una maloclusión, por sí misma, no es capaz de interferir significativamente en la CVAM, tampoco el entorno socioeconómico, planteándose la hipótesis de que la afectación de la CVAM está influida por parámetros psicológicos de cada individuo.
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