EFFICIENCY OF Zea mays L. UNDER PHOSPHATE FERTILIZATION COMPLEMENTED WITH BIOSTIMULANTS IN A ALFISOL SOIL

Abstract

Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for maize growth, yet its availability in the soil is often limited. In this regard, the use of biostimulants may enhance phosphorus uptake and use efficiency, thereby contributing to improved crop development and yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of maize as a function of different phosphorus rates complemented with a biostimulant in an Alfisol soil. The experiment was established under a randomized complete block design with eight treatments and three replications, arranged in a bifactorial scheme: factor A, foliar fertilization with biostimulant; and factor B, P?O? application rates (0, 45, 90, and 135 kg ha?¹). Each experimental unit measured 5 × 4 m (20 m²). Sowing was carried out in September 2024, using the hybrid DKB 390. Plant height, ear insertion height, ear length and diameter, thousand-grain weight, and grain yield (kg ha?¹) were evaluated. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, mean comparison using Tukey's test at 1% and 5% significance levels, and regression analysis. Results showed no significant differences for the biostimulant factor in most of the evaluated variables. In contrast, P?O? rates showed significant differences in growth and yield variables. The highest plant height and ear insertion height were recorded at 135 kg ha?¹ of P?O?; however, the greatest ear diameter and length, thousand-grain weight, and grain yield were obtained at 90 kg ha?¹ of P?O?, reaching a production of 2,336 kg ha?¹. It is concluded that an application rate of 90 kg ha?¹ of P?O? was the most efficient for ear length, ear diameter, thousand-grain weight, and grain yield under the conditions of this study.