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The Chilean Journal of Agricultural & Animal Sciences (ex Agro-Ciencia), is a peer reviewed scientific journal edited by the Colleges of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Veterinary Sciences of the University of Concepcion, Campus Chillán. It publishes research results in all disciplines of Agronomy, Agricultural Engineering and Veterinary Medicine. Due to the change of name from Vol. 29 N° 2 2013 the journal have new ISSN numbers, and from 2014 started publishing 3 issues per year.

The Journal receives original articles, written in Spanish or English, which have not been published or submitted simultaneously to another journal, or published in full in conference proceedings. Manuscripts are subject to a double-blind peer review process, i.e. reviewers do not know the names of the authors and the authors do not know the names of the reviewers. Authors may suggest names of potential reviewers, but the process will maintain anonymity.

In case of doubts or conflicts on the acceptability of submitted manuscripts, or upon author's request, the editor will seek input from one or more additional reviewers, but once final decision is made appeals will not be considered.

Sections

1. Research articles
   Scientific research articles provide to the scientific community the results of research conducted by the authors. Articles should be original, with results that represent a real contribution to scientific knowledge, with an appropriate experimental design and statistical analysis according to the type of research. The extension should not exceed 22 letter-sized-pages, including text, tables and figures, by using Times New Roman 12 point font, 1.5 line spacing, page and line numbered. Under well justified circumstances, longer articles may be published at Editor’s discretion.
2. Scientific notes

These are short communications about methods, techniques and results of research progress. The general format is the same as research articles but extension should not exceed 12 pages.

      3. Reviews

These are literature review articles with author's original contributions. Articles may be solicited by the Editor, or sent for approval to the Editorial Board. All review articles are subject to peer review. These reviews should not exceed 28 pages (including references, tables and figures), with the same format as research articles.

       4. Issues and opinions

These are short essays written by highly reputed researchers, presenting viewpoints on scientific and technical issues that can be of true contribution to knowledge. These will be also subject to peer review. Extension for this type of manuscripts should not exceed 12 pages.

      5. Book reviews

1. These articles are brief notes of a recent book, providing an analysis of its content. Extension should not exceed 5 pages.

Manuscripts submission

Articles must be submitted through: https://revistas.udec.cl/index.php/chjaas/index. In the submiting process you must comply with the checklist available.

Manuscripts should be typed in Word 2007, but we also accept manuscripts written in Word 97-2003. Tables should be created using the menu tables from Word. Figures should be clearly legible, suitable for publication in black and white, with labeled axes including units of measurement. Photographic images should be submitted separately, as JPG, TIFF or similar files at a minimum resolution of 300 dpi.

Reception and acceptation of manuscripts

Once the process is completed, you will automatically receive the notification of receipt of the article. Notification will include the article ID that will be used in any future communication between the Editor and Author. All manuscripts are reviewed initially by the Editor in order to check that fit within the scope of the journal, and that meet style and format norms of the journal, as stated in these Instructions to Authors. If editor makes observations, manuscripts will be referred back to the authors for revision. After approval of the new version the manuscript is sent to associated editors and peer reviewers, using double blind for the review. Only manuscripts that fully meet the standards of Chilean Journal of Agricultural & Animal Sciences are sent out for external peer review.

MANUSCRIPT PREPARATION

Format

Manuscripts should be prepared using Word 2007 or later, with margins of 2.5 cm on top and bottom side, and 3.0 and 2.5 on left and right side, respectively. The text should be justified, and typed in Times New Roman 12-point font or equivalent, with 1.5 line spacing. Main title, names of authors, section headings and subheadings, summary and abstract should be bolded. All pages should be numbered consecutively in the upper right corner and line numbers should be included.  Section headings should be centered, bold and capitalized. Subsection titles should be left-justified, bold and not capitalized.

Manuscripts must be presented with the following sections: TITLE, ABSTRACT (with Keywords), RESUMEN (with key words), INTRODUCTION, MATERIALS AND METHODS, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND LITERATURE CITED. Results and Discussion sections can be separate or combined.

If in doubt, please refer to a recent issue of the Agronomy Journal, Soil Science Journal, or Crop Science Journal, which provide detailed instructions of both format and style that you can read online at the URL: https://www.agronomy.org/publications/style, or the Agronomy Journal home page at: https://www.agronomy.org/publications/aj

1. TITLE

The title should reflect the content of the article. The title must be clear, concise and relatively short (no more than 18 words). Please avoid starting the title with words like: Effect of, Influence of, etc. Use the common name of plants, insects or pathogens, followed by the scientific name enclosed in parentheses, using italicized and lowercase letters. Only the first letter of the genus and author should be capitalized.

The main title must be written in the same language as the manuscript. It should be capitalized, centered and bold print, and followed by a translation to English or Spanish as appropriate, observing the same format. Author name and last name must be typed below the title, indicating affiliations (the institution to which each one of the authors belongs), address, city and country, and email address by superscript numbers. The corresponding author should be indicated with an asterisk. If in doubt, please refer to a recent issues of the journal for examples of correct format and style. Please suggest an abbreviated title of no more than 10 words that will appear at the top of every odd page of the Journal.

2. ABSTRACT

The abstract is the most widely read part of a paper. It inform about the content of the paper and stimulates the reader to read through the full text of the article. The abstract length must not exceed 250 words on a single paragraph and it should include the following five sections: a brief introduction describing the relevance of the study, research objectives, materials and methods used, principal results and major conclusions. Do not include references or formulas. Keywords should be included at the end, up to 6 words, which are used by the bibliographic research services.

3. RESUMEN
   The RESUMEN should be written in bold. It corresponds to the Spanish version of the Abstract and it is followed by the Keywords.
4. INTRODUCTION

The introduction describes the research reported in the article. This section should include sufficient background information to highlight the importance and purpose of your study. It should concisely report on the main and most recent findings on the subject, dating back not more than 10 years, unless well-justified by the authors. Depending on the type of study, the introduction should also include the hypothesis. The study objective(s) should be clearly stated at the end of this section.

Do not cite all references available on the topic, but only the most recent and important findings. Other references should be included in the Results and Discussion. Writing should be clear, precise and concise, in accordance with the standards of the language in which the article is written.

5. MATERIALS AND METHODS

Authors are required to provide sufficient detail about the materials and methods used in the study to allow the experiment to be repeated by other researchers and get the same results.

The year and season in which the experiment was carried out, as well as the geographic coordinates of sites mentioned in the study are to be provided in this section. On regard to equipment, when first mentioned use generic names, and in parentheses include trademark, model, manufacturer city, state and country. In the case of the chemicals give the generic, or technical name or active ingredient and active ingredient dosages, and at first mention indicate the commercial name in parenthesis. The description of materials should be concise. If techniques or procedures used have been published previously, please provide a summary and the references. If authors substantially modify an original procedure, it should be clearly indicated and described in this section.

The experimental design and statistical analysis must also be included in this section, indicating references and including them in the appropriate section. When experiments are affected by the environmental, there are generally repeated in time or space.

6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The results and discussion sections can be combined or appear separately. We suggest to present them in one section. Authors should use tables and figures, which must be numbered sequentially as they appear in the text. Avoid repeating information contained in tables or figures, and only include the most relevant information.

Tables and figures should be self-explanatory so that the reader does not have to refer to other parts of the text to understand them. Scientific names, abbreviations, units, etc., should be included, even if the information is provided in the text.
The discussion should be restricted to the most important aspects of the research, focusing on statistical analysis, emphasizing the significance of results, comparing the results with those reported by other researchers, and explaining the novelty of the work.

7. CONCLUSIONS

Authors should present the study’s major conclusions. These should be written based on the research objectives. Other comments should be included in the Results and Discussion sections. Do not number the conclusions.

8. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Authors can include this section before Literature Cited, if it is deemed necessary. Authors may acknowledge the assistance of individuals, institutions, or sources of project financing.

9. LITERATURE CITED

Chilean Journal of Agricultural & Animal Sciences uses the Harvard Norm, both in the body of the manuscript and in the Literature cited section.

Therefore, it is recommended to use the reference managers Mendeley, Endnote or other, to ensure the correct way to present each reference.

In cases where you are not using a reference manager in the Literature cited, check that each reference is cited in the previous chapters, and follow the instructions below.

Authors must avoid including references not mentioned in the text. List references in alphabetical order by first author’s last name; two or more author references should be listed in alphabetical order according to the second author’s last name, and if necessary, according to the third author’s last name. If references have the same last name, arrange them in chronological order.

Cite the first author by his/her last name followed by his/her first initial, but co-authors should be cited with initials followed by last name. The authors should be separated by commas, except the last one, which will be preceded by the word "y ", "and", "et", "e”, “und", etc., depending on the language of the citation. References in this section must be presented in their original language. For manuscripts with more than six authors, indicate the six last names followed by the abbreviation “et al.” not italicized.

References must be cited in the text by author(s) and year, and are presented chronologically. Citations are separated by a semicolon (;). Works with two authors are cited by both last names. If the work has more than two authors, list only the first author, followed by “et al.” not italicized. If there are multiple citations published by the same author (s) in the same year, distinguish them by adding a lowercase letter immediately after the year, with no space: letter ‘a’ is assigned to the first citation, letter ‘b’ to the second, and so on. Citations by the same author and different publication dates are separated by a semicolon (;).

Cited literature should correspond to published articles in mainstream scientific journals, either in print or electronic format, over a recent 10-year period. Authors are not encouraged to include citations of texts, theses, and abstracts presented at scientific conferences, but a limited use of them is accepted. Citations of papers published in journals without editorial board or without peer review, faculty publications and citations of websites that are not scientific journals are not accepted. Journals should be cited in accordance with the abbreviation accepted or suggested by the journal. If in doubt, please write following the Harvard Norm (https://www.citethisforme.com/citation-generator/harvard).

You can also use the format examples described below.

10. TABLES

Please do your tables using the Table menu of Word. Tables should be enumerated consecutively with Arabic numerals as they are cited in the text. All sections of tables should be 1.5 spaced. Titles must be descriptive and self-explanatory so that the reader does not have to refer to the text to understand them. Make sure to indicate the probability level of the analysis, and explain each abbreviation and symbols used as table footnote. Please indicate the scientific name where appropriate. Translate the title into English.

Headings of rows and columns should be self-explanatory; add the units of measurement in each case (please use only the International System of Units). If necessary to save space, all abbreviations used in a table must be explained in footnotes. Data must be aligned on the decimal point and all must have the same number of decimal places.

11. FIGURES

Figures should be self-explanatory so that the reader does not have to refer to other parts of the text to understand them. Titles should be descriptive, and all abbreviations defined as figure footnotes. Figure legends should be clear and should include the units of measurement.

Number figures (graphs, drawings and photographs) with Arabic numerals consecutively as they are cited in the text. Cite figures as Fig 1, Fig 2, Figs. 1-5, etc. Do not use frames. Drawings and photographs should be well-contrasted prints and include a scale. Units and information in graphs and drawings must be clear and large enough to remain legible after reduction.

12. SCIENTIFIC NAMES

Give the scientific name (genus, species and nomenclatural authority) of plants, insects, diseases, fungi, etc. at first mention in the title, abstract, or text. Please also use the complete scientific names in tables and figures.

Names of genus and species should be italicized and the name of the author should be written in normal type font. Example: rice (Oryza sativa L.). The scientific name should be abbreviated after its first use, indicating the initial of the name of the genus and species (e.g. O. sativa). If there are several genus names with the same initial, the names should be spelled out to avoid confusion. Do not abbreviate the genus name at the beginning of a sentence. Use italics when only the genus name is mentioned.

13. ABBREVIATIONS

All abbreviations should be explained or defined at their first mention in the text, table or figure. Abbreviations should be written out in full at the first citation, followed by the abbreviation in parentheses. Subsequently, use the abbreviation only. Internationally accepted abbreviations should be used. All abbreviations and acronyms are used without a period.

14. METRIC SYSTEM

All measurements should be expressed with units of the International System of Units (SI), using its abbreviation without a period. Liter is abbreviated ‘L’ to avoid confusion, but use lowercase for kg, ha, g, mm, and others. Use exponential notation leaving only one space to indicate multiplication, e.g., kg ha^-1; mg kg^-1; mL L^-1.

Decimals are separated by a comma in Spanish and by a point in English.

15. CULTIVAR NAMES

In case of plants, the words cultivar and variety are considered synonyms and are abbreviated cv. or var., respectively. The use of single quotation marks indicates that it is a cv. or var., and it is not necessary to repeat the word. For example, when you write: Triticum aestivum ‘Chifen’, it is read “Triticum aestivum cultivar Chifen”.

16. TRADE NAMES OR TRADEMARKS

Avoid using trade names or trademarks. Use the common name, or technical, or active ingredient. When their use is absolutely necessary, use it the first time in parentheses with the trademark symbol ®.

GENERAL NORMS FOR WRITING REFERENCES

References are an important part of a scientific article, as they indicate the authors are familiar with the subject, that they know the latest developments in the field, and avoiding plagiarism. References are analyzed in detail by entities that manage databases, as they provide citability indicators as important as the impact factor, h factor, immediacy index, etc.

The Harvard Norm must be used, both in the body of the manuscript and in the Literature cited section.

In the Literature cited, check that each reference is cited in the previous chapters.

It is recommended to use the Mendeley tool, to ensure the correct way to present each reference, in the Harvard Norm.

An important principle when writing a reference is that must have all the information that enable the reader to find it in the bibliographic search systems, so the researcher can reader it.

References should contain certain elements, presented in an established order, and follow specific punctuation rules, as indicated in the examples presented below.

Articles are cited indicating the author (s), year and title, abbreviated or full name of the journal, volume number and pages number, separated by a colon (:). In the case of journals with page numbering that starts in each issue, the journal number must follow the volume number in parentheses. A space is not used before or after colon:

Cite books indicating the author (s), year, full title, edition number when published in a second or subsequent edition, printing or publishing company, city, state (if applicable) and country. Note that there are also institutional or corporate authors. Do not confuse the printing company with the publishing company. For chapters of books, cite the author (s) of chapter, year, name of the chapter and pages, followed by the word "En" or "In", according to the language in which the book is cited, and then cite the book.

Online references must include the author name (s), year, full title of the article, full URL of the site and date of access. In the case of institutions, cite the abbreviation, acronym or the full name of corporate author.

Online conferences must conform to the following format: author name (s), year, full title of the article, and first and last page number, followed by "In" or "En", depending on the language used, cite the editor (s), title of publication or name of the event, city, state (if applicable), country where conference was held and date. Then, indicate publishing entity, city and country of that entity.

Examples of citations of scientific journals:

Zajac, C.C., A.G. Vallejos, E.M. Zajac, and J. Galantini. 2013. Analysis of the performance of winter cereals by yield maps and the Normal Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in the southwest area of Buenos Ares, Argentina. Chilean Journal of Agricultural & Animal Sciences, ex Agro-Ciencia 29(2):95-102.

Botta, G., J. Ressia, H. Rosatto, M. Tourn, y E. Soza. 2005. Efecto de la labranza vertical sobre el suelo y el rendimiento del cultivo de girasol (Helianthus annus L.). Agro-Ciencia (Chile) 21:5-12.

Pérez, F., G. Silva, M. Tapia, y R. Hepp. 2007. Variación anual de las propiedades insecticidas de Peumus boldus sobre Sitophilus zeamais. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira  42:633-639.

Mahmoud, S.S., and R.B. Croteau. 2003. Menthofuran regulates essential oil biosynthesis in peppermint by controlling a downstream monoterpene reductase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100:14,481–14,486.

Books

SAS. 2003. The SAS system for Windows. Release 9.1.3. p. 83-122. SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina, USA.

Montgomery, D.C. 2009. Design and analysis of experiments. 7th ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York, USA.

Steel, R.G.D., and J.H. Torrie. 1960. Principles and procedures of statistics. McGraw-Hill, New York, USA.

Stolpe, N.B. 2006. Descripción de los principales suelos de la VIII Región de Chile. Universidad de Concepción, Facultad de Agronomía, Chillán, Chile.

Book chapters

Serri, H., A. Venegas, y J. Ocampo. 2005. El cerezo en la VIII Región de Chile. p. 25-34. En G. Lemus (ed.). El cultivo del cerezo. Boletín INIA N° 133. Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Santiago, Chile.

Rios-Estepa, R., G.W. Turner, J.M. Lee, R.B. Croteau, and R.W. Bell. 2008. Sulfur and the production of rice in wetland and dryland ecosystems. p. 197–218. In J. Jez (ed.) Sulfur: A missing link between soils, crops, and nutrition. Agron. Monogr. 50. ASA, CSSA, SSSA, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.

Websites

INE. 2007. VII Censo Nacional Agropecuario y Forestal. Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas (INE), Santiago, Chile. Disponible en http://www.censoagropecuario.cl/ noticias/08/6/10062008.html (Consulta 5 marzo 2008).

Johnson, H. 2001. Crop profile for mint in Michigan. Available at http://www.ipmcenters.org/CropProfiles/docs/mimint.html (Accessed 16 Nov. 2009).

National Agricultural Statistics Service. 2009. Annual Crop Production Summary. Available at http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/Oregon/Publications/Field_Crop_Report/crop%20reports/01_13an.pdf (Accessed June 2009). USDA-NASS, Portland, Oregon, USA.

USDA-NRCS. 2011. Lists of hydric soils: National list, all states. Available at http://soils.usda.gov/use/hydric/ (Accessed 17 Feb. 2011). USDA-NRCS, Washington, DC., USA.

Conferences, workshops

Mery, L., A. Machuca, A. Hinojosa, R. Infante, V.H. Escalona. 2010. Efecto del tipo de corte y temperatura de conservación sobre la tasa respiratoria y el color en pera ‘Packham’s Triumph’ mínimamente procesada en fresco. p. 137. En LXI Congreso Agronómico, 56th ISTH Annual Meeting, SIHT Reunión Anual, 11° Congreso Sociedad Chilena de Fruticultura. 26 – 29 de Septiembre. Santiago, Chile. Sociedad Agronómica de Chile (SACH), Santiago, Chile.

Wilson, J.R., and D.M.W. Wild. 1995. Nitrogen availability and grass yield under shade environments. p. 42–48. In B.F. Mullen and H.M. Shelton (eds.) Integration of ruminants into plantation systems in Southeast Asia. Proc. ACIAR Workshop, 64th. Lake Toba, North Sumatra, Indonesia. 9–13 Sept. 1994. ACIAR, Canberra, Australia.

Extension publications

Ruiz, C. (ed.). 2009. Gestión del riesgo agropecuario. Boletín INIA N° 186. Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Centro Regional de Investigación Quilamapu, Chillán, Chile.

Gadberry, S. 2010. Water for beef cattle. Univ. Arkansas Coop. Ext. Serv. FSA3021. Univ. of Arkansas Div. Agric., Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.

Thesis

Salazar P., F. 2005. Susceptibilidad a thiamethoxam y thiacloprid en cinco poblaciones de mosquita blanca Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) de México. Tesis Magister en Ciencias. Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillo, Estado de México, México.

Abstracts

 Marcum, D.B., and B.R. Hanson. 2006. Effect of irrigation and harvest timing on peppermint oil yield in California. J. Agr. Water Manag. 82:118–128. (Abstract)

This guidelines for manuscript preparation for publication are also available online at:

https://revistas.udec.cl/index.php/chjaas/index

For inquiries, please contact:

Editor

Chilean Journal of Agricultural & Animal Sciences

E-mail: agro-ciencia@udec.cl