Oral health and quality of life of the geriatric patient: contexts of autonomy

Gonçalo  Abrantes

doi:10.17126/joralres.2022.013

Autores/as

Gonçalo Abrantes Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Viseu, Portugal. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7934-9410

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17126/joralres.2022.013

Palabras clave:

Oral health, Quality of life, Aged, Health of the elderly, Personal autonom, Frailty

Resumen

Fundamento: El estado de salud bucal juega un papel importante en el concepto de fragilidad entre los ancianos, ya que tienden a padecer de malas condiciones de salud bucal.
Objetivo: El objetivo de nuestra revisión sistemática es estudiar el impacto de la salud bucal en la calidad de vida del paciente geriátrico en diferentes contextos de autonomía.
Material y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura, se seleccionó artículos con fecha de publicación entre 2008 y 2020 a través de plataformas informáticas. Los estudios fueron analizados y evaluados respetando los criterios de inclusión previamente establecidos. El corpus de revisión estuvo compuesto por 16 artículos, que presentaron calidad metodológica.
Resultados: La salud bucal tiene impacto en la calidad de vida de los ancianos, tanto en el contexto de institucionalización como a nivel comunitario. La salud bucal tiene un efecto sobre la calidad de vida de los ancianos, concretamente en las dimensiones de dolor físico, discapacidad física, malestar psicológico, limitación funcional, discapacidad psicológica y social. Cuanto mayor es el nivel de dependencia, menor es la salud bucal, lo que tiene un mayor impacto en la calidad de vida. La presencia de periodontitis, caries dental, edentulismo, lesiones bucales y prótesis dentales inadecuadas redundan en una peor percepción de la calidad de vida.
Conclusión: Las evidencias encontradas en este estudio revelan que el estado de salud bucal de los ancianos influye en su calidad de vida, independientemente del contexto de autonomía, indicando la necesidad de políticas de salud bucal dirigidas a esa población específica.

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Citas

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