Efecto de la pigmentación sobre la degradación de la fuerza en cadenas elastoméricas de ortodoncia: un estudio experimental

Autores/as

  • Cesar Mendivil-Rangel Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Nanostructures and Biomaterials Area National School of Higher Studies (ENES), Leon Unit, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Leon, Guanajuato, México. https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3806-8821
  • Christian Lopez-Ayuso Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Nanostructures and Biomaterials Area National School of Higher Studies (ENES), Leon Unit, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Leon, Guanajuato, México. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0534-7823
  • Sarahi Garcia-Carvajal Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Nanostructures and Biomaterials Area National School of Higher Studies (ENES), Leon Unit, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Leon, Guanajuato, México. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9323-8290
  • Jose Martinez-Zepeda Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Nanostructures and Biomaterials Area National School of Higher Studies (ENES), Leon Unit, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Leon, Guanajuato, México. http://orcid.org/0009-0008-6191-024X
  • Rogelio Scougall-Vilchis Department of orthodontics, Dental and Advanced Studies Research Center (CIEAO) “Keisaburo Miyata”, Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University State of Mexico (UAEMex), Toluca, México. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4671-0748
  • Benjamín Aranda-Herrera Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Nanostructures and Biomaterials Area National School of Higher Studies (ENES), Leon Unit, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Leon, Guanajuato, México. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4273-7548
  • Rene Garcia-Contreras Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Nanostructures and Biomaterials Area National School of Higher Studies (ENES), Leon Unit, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Leon, Guanajuato, México. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3504-5519

Palabras clave:

Polímero elastomérico, Poliuretanos, Ortodoncia, Resistencia a la tracción, Microscopía electrónica de rastreo, Espectroscopía infrarroja por transformada de Fourier

Resumen

Introducción: Las cadenas elastoméricas se utilizan ampliamente en ortodoncia, pero presentan dificultades para mantener una fuerza constante a lo largo del tiempo, con una reducción significativa de la fuerza poco después de su aplicación. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar la degradación de la fuerza, la morfología y la composición química entre cadenas elastoméricas continuas pigmentadas y no pigmentadas.
Material y Métodos: Tres grupos (gris, rojo y transparente) se sometieron a una tensión inicial de 150 g y se sumergieron en saliva artificial durante diferentes periodos (30 minutos, 24 horas y 28 días). Posteriormente, se probaron con una máquina universal. Se realizó un análisis estructural mediante Microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM) y un análisis químico mediante espectroscopía infrarroja por transformada de Fourier (FTIR).
Resultados: Se observó una pérdida significativa de resistencia en las cadenas pigmentadas en comparación con las transparentes. Después de 24 horas y 28 días, las cadenas grises mostraron la mayor pérdida (25,2% y 28,1%), seguidas de las cadenas rojas (17,9% y 21,2%), y las cadenas transparentes la menor (10,6% y 14,6%) (p<0,05). Las cadenas grises también mostraron cambios superficiales pronunciados, según la evaluación mediante SEM, mientras que la FTIR reveló bandas características de poliuretano. A pesar de su mayor retención de resistencia, las cadenas no pigmentadas son menos populares debido a la preferencia de los pacientes.
Conclusiones: Las cadenas de ortodoncia pigmentadas presentan una degradación mecánica y alteraciones superficiales significativamente mayores tras la exposición a saliva artificial que las cadenas transparentes, lo que indica que la pigmentación afecta negativamente a la resistencia a largo plazo.

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Publicado

2025-12-31

Cómo citar

1.
Mendivil-Rangel C, Lopez-Ayuso C, Garcia-Carvajal S, Martinez-Zepeda J, Scougall-Vilchis R, Aranda-Herrera B, Garcia-Contreras R. Efecto de la pigmentación sobre la degradación de la fuerza en cadenas elastoméricas de ortodoncia: un estudio experimental. J Oral Res [Internet]. 31 de diciembre de 2025 [citado 23 de abril de 2026];14(1):458-71. Disponible en: https://revistas.udec.cl/index.php/journal_of_oral_research/article/view/23433

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