Evaluation of the Stability of Achieved Vertical Tooth Movement with Skeletal Anchorage: A Systematic Review

Autores/as

  • Víctor Ravelo Center of Excellence in Morphological and Surgical Studies (CEMyQ), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile. Program in Morphological Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5988-3723
  • Gonzalo Muñoz Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile.
  • Leonardo Brito Undergraduate Research Group in Dentistry (GIPO), Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile.
  • Sergio Olate Center of Excellence in Morphological and Surgical Studies (CEMyQ), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile. Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8153-0676

Resumen

Introducción: El anclaje esquelético es un complemento eficaz y predecible durante el tratamiento de ortodoncia fija, ya que permite movimientos dentales tridimensionales. Este estudio busca evaluar la estabilidad de los movimientos dentales verticales mediante anclaje esquelético tras seis meses de la etapa de retención.
Material y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en las bases de datos PubMed, Embase, Scopus y Lilacs desde enero de 2012 hasta mayo de 2023. Todos los artículos se seleccionaron aplicando los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. La calidad metodológica de los ensayos clínicos aleatorizados se evaluó mediante la herramienta Cochrane ROBINS-I.
Resultados: Se obtuvieron cinco artículos, todos estudios con un diseño prospectivo. Se obtuvo un total de 114 pacientes, con edades comprendidas entre 21 y 41 años. El tiempo mínimo de seguimiento fue de 5 meses y el máximo de 24 meses. Todos los estudios mostraron cambios significativos al realizar movimientos dentales verticales utilizando anclaje esquelético durante el tratamiento de ortodoncia. Se observaron recurrencias milimétricas entre los 6 y los 36 meses en la etapa de retención sin diferencias clínicamente significativas. Cuatro estudios se clasificaron como moderados en la evaluación general del riesgo de sesgo, mientras que uno se clasificó como grave. En conclusión, los movimientos de intrusión dental con anclaje esquelético en el maxilar causan cambios significativos durante el tratamiento. Mientras tanto, al evaluar la estabilidad de los movimientos de intrusión, se observan cambios milimétricos sin diferencias estadísticas.
Conclusiones: Se necesitan estudios con mayor rigor metodológico, que den seguimiento a la imagen tridimensional del movimiento dentario y que, además, evalúen la cantidad de fuerza y su asociación con la cantidad de recurrencia en el movimiento vertical.

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Publicado

2025-04-28