TRANSITION TOWARDS MALE VISIBILITY IN 20TH-CENTURY NURSING: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY

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Abstract

Objective: To understand how the transition of men toward visibility occurred in a predominantly female environment during the 20th century. Materials and Methods: A qualitative study with a Heideggerian hermeneutic phenomenological approach. Conducted from June to December 2023 with male nursing professionals from different Peruvian cities who worked during the
20th century (n= 12). Participants were selected intentionally using the snowball method. Data was collected through document review, structured virtual interviews, and thematic analysis, following the rigor criteria of Cancio and Soares. Data saturation was sought, and narratives were processed using Quirkos software V. 2.5.3. Results: Three themes were identified that explain the transition toward male visibility in nursing: 1) Professional visibility strategies, 2) Contextual opportunities, and 3) Gender dynamics. Conclusion: Men of that era used adaptation and self-affirmation strategies to gain visibility, confronting sociocultural barriers that challenged traditional gender roles. Therefore, this unique topic in the history of Peru provides a structural understanding of the profession for future male generations.