DIVERSITY OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI ACROSS TWO PRODUCTION SYSTEMS OF SOURSOP (Annona muricata L., 1753) IN MEXICO

Abstract

Soursop (Annona muricata L., 1753) is a valuable tree native to Mexico and other regions of Central and South America, known for its edible fruit and medicinal properties. Few studies have examined the interactions between Annona muricata and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). However, understanding the biology, ecology, diversity, and limiting factors of AMF is essential for their agricultural application. This study aimed to compare the diversity parameters of AMF associated with Annona muricata under conventional and agroecological production systems in Nayarit, Mexico. The high-input (HT) field received periodic fertilization and irrigation, whereas the low-input (HNT) field did not receive either. AMF spores were extracted for morphological identification and the abundance and diversity index were estimated. Soil characterization included measurements of pH, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, and nitrogen. The diversity index and percentage of root colonization by AMF were higher in the HNT field compared to the HT field. These findings suggest that AMF communities associated with Annona muricata under organic or agroecological management (low-input) exhibit greater diversity of species than those in conventional cultivation systems (high-input).