Dieta y caries dental en niños preescolares con y sin fisura labiopalatina en Lima, Perú

Palabras clave:

Fisura palatina, Labio leporino, Caries dental, Dieta, Preescolar, Peru

Resumen

Objetivo: Establecer la relación de la dieta con la caries dental en niños preescolares que presentan o no fisura labiopalatina.
Materiales y métodos: 
La muestra estuvo constituida por 142 niños de 3 a 5 años, 91 presentaron fisura labiopalatina y 51 no presentaron fisura labiopalatina, que acudieron para evaluación general. Fue un estudio analítico, comparativo, transversal. El muestreo fue no probabilístico por conveniencia y las variables del estudio fueron dieta y caries dental, para la recolección de datos sobre dieta se usó el cuestionario Health Behaviour in school-aged children (HBSC), y para caries dental se usó el índice de caries para dientes cariados, extraídos y obturados (ceod) para dientes deciduos.          Resultados: Se encontró que los pacientes con fisura presentaron mayor frecuencia de caries dental (86.8%) en comparación con el grupo sin fisura (78.4%). Con respecto a la dieta inadecuada en ambos grupos presentaron una asociación significativa con la caries dental (p=0.036); los niños fisurados que consumieron lácteos no endulzados tuvieron menos presencia de caries dental que aquellos que no la consumieron (p=0.023). No se observó asociación en los no fisurados.
Conclusiones: 
La dieta inadecuada presentó una asociación significativa con la caries dental, siendo los productos endulzados los que presentaron mayor asociación en niños fisurados.

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Publicado

2025-03-02

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1.
Dieta y caries dental en niños preescolares con y sin fisura labiopalatina en Lima, Perú. J Oral Res [Internet]. 2 de marzo de 2025 [citado 23 de abril de 2026];14(1):352-6. Disponible en: https://revistas.udec.cl/index.php/journal_of_oral_research/article/view/23200

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