El uso adyuvante de probióticos en el tratamiento periodontal de individuos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2: una revisión sistemática y metanálisis
Palabras clave:
Probióticos, Salud bucal, Diabetes mellitus tipo 2, Periodontitis, Control glucémico, Enfermedad crónicaResumen
Introducción: Los probióticos son bacterias beneficiosas que pueden promover beneficios para la salud. El objetivo de la presente revisión sistemática y metaanálisis fue evaluar la eficacia de los probióticos como complemento a la terapia periodontal en pacientes con periodontitis y diabetes mellitus tipo 2.
Material y métodos: El estudio siguió la declaración del Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) y se registró en el International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en las bases de datos PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS, Cochrane, Embase y Scopus, así como en OpenGrey y Clinical Trials, sin restricciones de idioma ni fecha. Se incluyeron estudios que investigaron el tratamiento con probióticos como complemento a la terapia periodontal en pacientes con periodontitis y diabetes tipo 2. La selección de estudios, la extracción de datos y la evaluación del riesgo de sesgo se realizaron por duplicado. Se realizó un metaanálisis, que reportó la diferencia de medias (DM) y su intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95%.
Resultados: Se analizaron 149 referencias, y tres estudios cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. El metanálisis de dos estudios no reveló diferencias significativas entre los individuos sometidos a tratamiento probiótico como complemento de la terapia periodontal y los sometidos únicamente a terapia periodontal en cuanto a la profundidad de sondaje (DM = 0,10; IC = -0,12 – 0,32; I² = 0%) y el nivel de inserción clínica (DM = -0,12; IC = -0,43 – 0,18; I² = 0%) a los 3 meses. Dos estudios se clasificaron con bajo riesgo de sesgo y uno con riesgo moderado de sesgo.
Conclusiones: La adición de probióticos a la terapia periodontal en individuos con periodontitis y diabetes mellitus tipo 2 no mostró beneficios adicionales en comparación con el tratamiento periodontal solo.
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