HUMAN-MACHINE COLLABORATION IN THE TEACHING-LEARNING PROCESS OF SPANISH WRITING:

THE IMPACT OF CHATGPT IN THE EDUCATIONAL CONTEXT OF CHINESE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Abstract

This study explores the impact of human-machine collaboration, specifically through the use of ChatGPT, on the teaching-learning process of Spanish writing for Chinese intermediate and advanced level students. Based on sociocultural activity theory and the writing process approach, the study was conducted with two groups: an experimental group that used ChatGPT as support in the drafting process, and a control group that followed traditional teaching methods. The analysis focuses on how interaction with generative artificial intelligence tools can influence various dimensions of writing, such as coherence, cohesion, lexical richness, originality and creativity, and grammatical and orthographic correctness. The results, evaluated through independent sample t-tests, reveal significant differences in the quality of texts produced by the experimental group, especially in grammatical and orthographic correctness, lexical richness, and originality and creativity, compared to the control group. Coherence is the dimension that showed a more moderate improvement. Despite the observed benefits, significant challenges are identified, such as the potential excessive dependence of students on technology and variability in the quality of interactions with ChatGPT, which suggests the need for proper training and stricter teacher supervision. The study concludes that the integration of ChatGPT can enhance writing skills, provided it is combined with a pedagogical approach that promotes the development of critical thinking, creativity, and autonomy in the learning process.