Aumento óseo vertical con regeneración ósea guiada. Scoping review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17126/joralres.2022.021Palabras clave:
Regeneración ósea, aumento de la cresta alveola, implantación dental, proceso alveolar, pérdida de hueso alveolar, revisiónResumen
Introducción: Existen múltiples técnicas para el aumento óseo vertical siendo una opción la regeneración ósea guiada, sin embargo, la literatura es diversa y con distintos diseños que dificultan la síntesis de resultados.
Objetivo: Analizar las características generales técnicas, resultados clínicos y complicaciones del aumento óseo vertical realizado con regeneración ósea guiada en humanos
Material y Métodos: Esta revisión de alcance se basó en la guía PRISMA-ScR. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos Pubmed, Scielo y Worldcat. Fueron incluidos aquellos publicados desde el año 1990 hasta abril de 2020. Se excluyeron los estudios no realizados en humanos o publicados en idiomas distintos al inglés y español. Dos revisores examinaron título y resumen, luego los estudios completos se extrajeron y se ordenaron los datos en tablas.
Resultados: 89 estudios fueron incluidos. El mayor porcentaje reportó haber obtenido un aumento óseo vertical menor a 5 mm y haber utilizado membranas no reabsorbibles. El tipo de injerto que más frecuente es el autógeno y las combinaciones de injertos, siendo el más común autógeno con xenoinjerto. Todos los estudios que reportaron estabilidad ósea de implantes en hueso regenerado fueron favorables, al igual que la supervivencia de implantes, reportando valores entre 83,8% y 100%. La exposición de membrana es la complicación que más se repite en los estudios, seguido por infección o abscesos y dehiscencia de tejidos.
Conclusión: La regeneración ósea vertical es una técnica confiable, con alta predictibilidad y baja inci-dencia de complicaciones en comparación a otras técnicas de aumento óseo vertical.
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