RAN - Revista Academia & Negocios

Evolution of multivariate analysis methods in the field of management sciences

Karla María Alarcón Sánchez — 2024-07-01

Purpose: The evolution of multivariate analysis methods in the field of management sciences is presented, identifying both the current state and future trends that enable further development in business and administration studies.

Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted on the topic, and the key aspects of the predominant analysis methods are discussed.

Results: the predominant methods are Regression Analysis, Structural Equation Modeling and Artificial Intelligence (AI). The results validate previous studies and highlight future trends.

Implications: The study explores future trends within AI such as the use of random forests, neural networks and the elastic network.

Originality: The evolution of multivariate analysis methods is presented, specifically for the field of management sciences and incorporates the trends of the last 25 years.

The evolution of the marketing discipline up to version 5.0

Fernando González-Ferriz — 2024-07-01

Purpose: The article examines the evolution of the concept of marketing in the last decades, characterized by the intensive use of new technologies.

Methodology: up-to-date literature review on the marketing field, as well statistical information derived from the Official Institute of Statistics (INE Instituto Nacional de Estadisticas in Spanish).

Findings: The results show that the current concept of marketing does not oppose previous trends; instead, it complements it.

Implications: The evolution of the concept has gone through a series of different stages before reaching the current 5.0 version, mainly supported on digitalization and the establishment of long-term relationships.

Value: The present analysis shows a general vision about how the discipline has adapted to the changes in the marketing landscape, both theoretically and practically.

Digital Marketing for Internationalization in small and medium enterprises: A review

Alfredo Elias Alfaro Ramos — 2024-07-01

Purpose: Conduct a literature review on Digital Marketing in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and the internationalization of companies to identify gaps in existing research.

Methodology: Research documentary type, which consists of a scientific, systematic, and objective method of searching and collecting data, 41 articles related to Digital Marketing, SMEs, internationalization, obstacles, and alternatives to adopting an internationalization approach were reviewed.

Results: The articles reviewed came from various countries, such as Colombia, the United Kingdom, Spain, Germany, Indonesia, Sweden, Italy, Bangladesh, India, among others. Digital Marketing, driven by Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), can be carried out anywhere in the world at any time, which represents an advantage to transform business models and achieve the internationalization of SMEs.

Implications: A gap in the literature was identified in relation to the lack of longitudinal studies in specific sectors that include SMEs in their dynamic and competitive environment.

Value: The article offers an exhaustive review of the literature about digital marketing, ICT, internationalization, SMEs, and contributes to strengthening the knowledge of professionals, businessmen and students who are interested in the topics, to carry out future research.

Valorization of Urban Solid Waste: An integrated and sustainable approach

Ivonne Yazmín Arce García — 2024-07-01

Purpose: To propose a materials recovery system for the historic Center of Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico, with the aim of improving waste management and generating income for the municipality.

Methodology: Information was gathered from electronic documents, interviews with local authorities, and companies. Additionally, a waste sampling was conducted to address an objective material recovery estimate, simulating three economic scenarios (including the participation of material reclaimers).

Findings: The proposed system is viable, managing the recovery of the initial investment in the first year (baseline scenario), considering the donation of fixed assets by sponsors, resulting in a double return on investment.

Practical implications: The study involves an on-site characterization sampling; thus, requires further detailed analysis.

Originality: An inclusive economic system that generates income and employment is demonstrated, contributing to responsible waste management, compliance with regulations, and objectives of the 2030 agenda.

Transformational leadership and competitive strategies in mining companies

José Gerardo Ignacio Gómez Romero — 2024-07-01

Purpose: To stablish the existing relationship of transformational leadership in the competitive strategies of mining companies in Durango Mexico.

Methodology: This study adopts a quantitative, correlational, and cross-sectional approach. To analyze the influence among variables, the linear regression analysis technique was employed. Data was collected through a questionnaire applied to a probabilistic sample comprising 378 workers.

Findings: There is a statically significant relationship among variables. Besides, inspirational motivation is the most frequent dimension of transformational leadership and cost strategy is the most prevailing.

Implications: The study revealed that mining companies should encourage transformational leadership due to the positive relationship it fosters in their competitive strategies.

Value: The relationship found among variables enabled us to recognize that promoting inspirational motivation and intellectual stimulation will have a positive effect on cost strategy.

Risk factors identified from the company-union relationship: Evidence from the Mexican Stock Exchange

2024-07-01

Purpose: To analyze the risk factors in the relationship between unions and companies listed in the Mexican Stock Exchange Price and Quotations Index.

Methodology: The study employed a qualitative, cross-sectional, descriptive approach, utilizing content analysis techniques. Information contained in the Annual Reports of 20 companies listed in the Mexican Price and Quotation was examined.

Results: Industrial sector companies have a higher number of unionized workers. However, some companies in the identified sectors do not report the percentage of workers who belong a union. Among the risk factors reported regarding the company-union relationship, strikes and legislative changes stand out.

Implications: The companies under study have implemented risk management programs that not only help them identify risks in their relationships with unions but also document them in their annual reports, setting an example for other organizations to follow. Such practices both mitigate undesirable events and create opportunities for growth. Our results contribute to the knowledge of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM), including its phases, definitions, and a comprehensive inventory of risks associated with company-union relationships. This knowledge serves as a catalyst for the adoption of ERM practices across the Latin American region.

Originality: This study highlights risk identification as a tool for crucial decision-making regarding company/Union relationship. The study is the one the first addressing risks by ERM between company and unions.

Innovative worker behavior in the tourism sector: The role of supervisor leadership and psychological empowerment

Pablo Sánchez Portocarrero — 2024-07-01

Purpose: To examine the influence of the supervisor's leadership and psychological empowerment on the innovative behavior of workers in the tourism sector.

Methodology: The study employed a quantitative approach, utilizing a non-experimental design with an explanatory focus. Data from 386 workers in tourism firms based in Mexico City were analyzed using partial least squares equations modeling.

Findings: Supervisor leadership influences innovative behavior. However, psychological empowerment supersedes this influence since workers attribute meaning to their work, value their competencies and demonstrate autonomy are more inclined to foster, promote and implement innovations.

Practical implications: The findings are useful for managers and decision-makers who wish to implement strategies aimed at fostering innovative behavior in their workers.

Originality: Evidence from the Mexican context is presented, and an adapted and extended measurement scale is provided.

Corporate Governance and Sustainability in Latin America

Leydy Tatiana Quintero García — 2024-07-01

Purpose: Examine the relationship between corporate governance (CG) and corporate sustainability (SC), measured though Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) variables.

Methodology: The study is explanatory in scope, and we used the feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) methodology to analyze the results.

Findings: The results show that some aspects of the board of directors such as size, committees and gender diversity significantly explain corporate sustainability, while CEO duality, independence, and tenure on the board do not.

Practical implications: to offer a perspective for institutions to promote companies to advance in matters pertaining corporate governance and sustainability to guarantee long-term viability of organizations, society, and the environment.

Value: The results contribute to academic knowledge about the relationship between CG and SC in Latin America by offering a better understanding of the topic and enabling new areas of research in the region. Most studies have focused on the relationship between ESG and performance, portfolio analysis, corporate disclosure, or asymmetric information. Unlike these studies, this work extends the field of research in CG by identifying the variables of the board of directors that are related to corporate sustainability.

Limitations: One of the limitations of the study lies in possible selection, information, and reporting biases as the ESG metrics may not fully reflect corporate sustainability. It is essential to address this gap through better adaptation of the measures and deeper theoretical exploration to better understand corporate sustainability in Latin America.

Management of human talent and work performance of administrative staff in academia

Geovani Figueroa González — 2024-07-01

Purpose: to examine the relationship between talent management and job performance among administrative support staff, with the aim of proposing improvements for the Directorate of School Services at Juarez University. By means of an adequate management of human talent to assess work performance to stablish efficiency standards for staff.

Methodology: The design of this research is non-experimental with a quantitative approach, involving correlation analysis, descriptive methods, and a cross-sectional design. Data was collected through a questionnaire.

Findings: There is a moderate positive linear correlation (Spearman's Rho: 0.426) between an improved management of human talent and a better job performance. According to the perception of workers, selection of personnel and job training are crucial to attain better work performance and achieve goals efficiently.

Implications: To provide quality service and achieve high performance standards, organizations must improve personnel preparation and training. Additionally, it is crucial to count on a transformative leadership to create a strong organizational culture.

Originality: This study highlights the relevance of human talent management to improve job performance.

Employment of accounting professionals: A descriptive analysis for Chile

Verónica Peña-Acuña — 2024-07-01

Purpose: The objective is to descriptively analyze the employment of accounting professionals from a university in Chile, contrasting their situation with the national average.

Methodology: The analysis employed frequency distribution tables, contingency tables, Chi-square tests, and correlation coefficients. Data were obtained from a survey administered to 184 accounting graduates between 2012 and 2021 from a university in Chile.

Results: The findings indicate that employability is higher among graduates from the studied university; however, their gross income is lower compared to the national average.

Implications: The results are useful for improving aspects of the curriculum to better align with current and future labor market trends for accounting professionals. Additionally, it calls for an exploration of the determinants that explain the employment situation, with the aim of identifying potential areas for professional development.

Value: Although there are existing studies on the employability of accounting professionals, this work contrasts a local reality with the national average to identify differences that can be translated into curricular improvements and public employment policy to balance labor market conditions.