Ciencia y Enfermería

MEANINGS AND EXPERIENCES OF NURSES DURING THE PROFESSIONAL INCORPORATION IN THE HEALTH CODE IN CHILE

Gerak Aguilar Valdivia — 2025-05-22

Objective: To reveal the experiences of nurses during the ethical-legal transition in the practice of the profession in Chile, regarding the inclusion of nursing in the Health Code in 1997. Materials and Methods: Qualitative-descriptive study, with a phenomenological approach and a design based on Schutz's Theory of Meaning applied to 8 nurses, through an interview. To ensure the rigor of the study, the criteria proposed by Lincoln and Guba were followed. Regarding ethical rigor, the
participants voluntarily signed an informed consent form and the study was reviewed and approved by a university ethics committee. Results: 3 dimensions were defined: subjective, intersubjective and the motivation of the respondent´s experience, each of which was composed of different categories. Conclusion: The
experience of nurses is difficult to interpret and understand despite the universality of the sample and the specificity of the phenomenon, nevertheless the dimensions are interesting to analyze in depth.

COVID-19 VACCINATION STATUS AMONG UNDERGRADUATE NURSING STUDENTS

Pedro Leite de Melo Filho — 2025-05-08

Objective: To know the status of vaccination against COVID-19 among undergraduate nursing students. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach, conducted with undergraduate nursing students of a private university located in southern Brazil. A non-probabilistic purposive sample of 60 enrolled students was used. Data collection was performed between September and December 2024 and the instrument measured sociodemographic aspects and a structured questionnaire with 6 questions related to their COVID-19 vaccination status. Before the final application, a pilot test was conducted with a group of five randomly selected nursing students. Data analysis was performed using
simple descriptive statistics. Results: 90% of the participants (n= 54) responded that they had no problems
to participate in the immunization, on the other hand, 10% expressed vaccine hesitancy. The denialist
movements may have influenced the lack of adherence to vaccination in the small group of students.
Conclusion: The study shows that students are committed to public/community/family health through immunization.

CULTURAL COMPETENCES IN NURSING FOR AFFIRMATIVE AND COMPREHENSIVE CARE FOR TRANS PEOPLE

Carlos Mena Rodríguez — 2025-04-20

Objective: To explore the cultural competence in nursing that facilitates comprehensive, affirmative, and respectful care for trans people, considering the dimensions of sensitivity (affective), skills (technical),
and knowledge (intellectual) in care interventions. Material and Method: A qualitative and interpretive case study was conducted with 16 nursing professionals from a public health hospital in Chile (South Metropolitan Health Service), through in-depth semi-structured interviews, with prior informed consent and no refusals or dropouts. Responses were transcribed and organized into categories using illustrative vignettes. Through thematic analysis and coding, a codebook of up to fourteen codes was developed, from which a final category was determined. Theoretical saturation was reached at the ninth interview, but all 16 interviews were completed for greater depth. In terms of methodological rigor and quality, the criteria of credibility, transferability, dependency, and confirmability were considered. Results: 3 categories
emerged: I. knowledge; II. nursing care; III. comprehensive care. Conclusions: Cultural competence in
nursing was essential to provide comprehensive and affirmative care to trans people. An innovative vision
promoting respect for diversity and training in cultural competence to plan appropriate care was key.
Professionals demonstrated awareness of trans needs, particularly in mental health, and implemented
sensitive and effective assessments and care plans.

WORKING CONDITIONS OF NURSES AND PATIENT SAFETY IN A PERUVIAN PUBLIC HOSPITAL

Wendy Lisette Montaño Guerrero — 2025-02-10

Objective: To establish the relationship between the working conditions of nurses and patient safety management in a Peruvian public hospital. Material and Method: Quantitative, basic, correlational research conducted in 2022; the population consisted of 300 nursing professionals working in a hospital in Callao, Lima, Peru, with a sample size of 169 at a 95% confidence level. Using a Google Forms questionnaire, the self-assessment of working conditions by García Ubaque and the Surveys on Patient Safety Culture (SOPS) 2.0 were applied, both validated (0.788 and 0.724) by KR20 and Cronbach’s alpha, respectively. Descriptive statistics were applied using the SPSS statistical software version 27.0 to assess the level of categorical variables, and based on numerical values, the non-parametric Spearman’s rho test was applied with 95% confidence, establishing significance with values below 0.05. Results: Risky working conditions were found (80.2%), with the majority being extralaboral risks (84.5%); 100% of participants rated patient safety
management as a strength, with communication safety being the most prominent (99.4%). Conclusions:
The lower the risky working conditions, the greater the strengths in patient safety management.

CONTENT VALIDITY OF THE ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION SCALE IN FAMILY CAREGIVERS OF CHRONIC PATIENTS IN COLOMBIA

Sonia Carreño-Moreno — 2025-05-22

Objective: To evaluate the face and content validity of the Anxiety and Depression Scale HADS in family caregivers of people with chronic non-communicable diseases in
Colombia. Materials and Methods: Psychometric study. To determine the content validity, 9 expert judges in the clinical or research field were invited. Clarity, redundancy and relevance of the items were assessed using the Lawshe index modified by Tristán. Face validity was established by a cognitive interview with 30 family caregivers of people with chronic diseases. Results: For content validity, 13 of 14 items on the Anxiety and
Depression Scale HADS presented an adjusted content validity ratio (CVR) greater than 0.7. Item 2 showed a CVR of 0.5, which required analysis and semantic adjustment by the validation committee. In terms of face validity, it was found that for all items, 87% or more of the participants reported adequate understanding, recall, judgment, and appropriateness
of the items. The semantics of items 1, 2, 8, 9, 11, and 14 were adjusted. Conclusions: The Anxiety and Depression Scale HADS has adequate psychometric properties of content and face validity for use in caregivers of people with chronic illness in the Colombian context.

DISCOURSES AND PRACTICES OF ACCEPTABILITY IN HEALTH CARE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF HEALTHCARE PERSONNEL AND MIGRANTS

CONSUELO CRUZ RIVEROS — 2025-05-28

Objective: To understand, based on the discourses and practices of migrants and health officials, what elements operate in the acceptability dimension of the right to health in the
process of using the health system in the city of Antofagasta (Chile). Materials and Methods: Qualitative, phenomenological study with elements of grounded theory. The non- probabilistic, snowball sample in both groups consisted of 17 health professionals and 8 international migrant users of the Chilean health system. The semi-structured in-person or online interviews lasting approximately 60 minutes, were conducted between October and
November 2019. Saturation took into account information redundancy and variability. Thematic analysis was applied through repeated readings of the transcripts. Results: Subcategories of language, comprehension, and communication emerged from predetermined
categories of language, culture, and ethics. Conclusions: Strategies such as language appropriateness, non-use of technical words, added to educational and origin characteristics of migrants allow for greater comprehension of the information. Cultural elements allow for greater understanding and adherence in migrants. Ethics in health practice encourages the establishment of close relationships and the visualization of the other as a human being with rights and dignity. This approach fosters mutual respect during the care process.

CHALLENGES FACED BY PRIMARY CARE NURSES IN THE PREVENTION OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS IN ADOLESCENTS

Jeyverson Iviny da Silva Nascimento — 2025-04-25

Objective: To identify the obstacles faced by primary care nurses in implementing strategies for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in adolescents.
Materials and Methods: Qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study, conducted with an intentional and non-probabilistic sample of 5 nurses working in primary care in the
municipality of Santana do Mundaú, Alagoas, Brazil, who were interviewed in a semi- structured interview between September and October 2023. During the first face-to-face
interview, the informed consent form was read and signed. As the number of professionals interviewed was limited, 2 interviews were conducted in order to achieve greater depth of
the phenomenon and theoretical data saturation. The collected data were categorized in NVIVO12 software and subjected to content analysis according to the methodological
framework proposed by Bardin. Results: The results are presented in three categories: lack of demand from adolescents for health services; excessive work demands and lack of
material resources; interference from parents/guardians. Conclusions: The obstacles faced by nurses working in primary health care for the prevention of STIs in adolescents are
rooted in the absence of this population in health services, high work demands, lack of material resources and parental interference in participating in such activities in the school context.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ONTARIO REGISTERED NURSES`S ASSOCIATION (RNAO) GUIDELINES THROUGH PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING

Gustavo Adolfo Domínguez Araya — 2025-02-10

Evidence-based practice is essential to improve quality of care, clinical safety and reduce health care costs. However, nurses are not adequately trained to apply this practice in their clinical decisions, which calls for its integration into curricula. This article
describes the implementation of five guidelines developed by the Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario (RNAO) in Canada through Problem-Based Learning, at the School of Nursing of the University of Talca, Chile, in the year 2024.

IMPLEMENTATION OF FOUR CLINICAL BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINES FROM THE REGISTERED NURSES' ASSOCIATION OF ONTARIO (RNAO) IN THE NURSING PROGRAM AT THE UNIVERSITY OF TALCA, CHILE

Wanda Bustamante Muñoz — 2025-03-31

The present article discusses the implementation of four Best Practice Guidelines (BPG) from the Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario (RNAO) in a second-year disciplinary module at the School of Nursing of the University of Talca, Chile, during the year 2023, following a competency-based educational model. The BPGs implemented were: 1) Pain Assessment and management, 2) Prevention of falls and reduction of fall-related injuries, 3) Risk assessment and prevention of pressure injuries for interprofessional teams, 4) Vascular access. These guidelines served as a valuable resource for students to support care during their clinical experiences, with an average success rate of over 90% in applying the recommendations of the selected BPGs.