Territorios y Regionalismos

EDITORIAL

Mariol Andrea Virgili-Lillo — 2022-12-30

Editorial of number 7, 2022, of the magazine Territorios y Regionalismos.

DISSECTING THE TERRITORY. REVIEW OF EIGHT CONTEMPORARY AUTHORS

José Manuel Castellanos-Martínez — 2022-12-30

This text raises the need to clarify the concept of territory and its spatial application in different fields of social sciences. The objective is to discuss the concept of territory through the literature review of eight contemporary authors with the purpose of presenting some of their general theoretical and methodological tendencies. and show an overview of the analytical gaps that were identified in the reviewed authors. These gaps are identified as contradictions, lack of argument, little depth and obviousness in the discussions of the selected texts. The position taken in this work is totally interdisciplinary, since the territory is thought of as a social phenomenon insubordinate to other phenomena or disciplines and, at the same time, related to other social phenomena.

CONTRIBUTION OF THE SBDC MODEL TRANSFERRED TO CHILE: SYSTEMATIZATION OF THE IMPACT AND INSTITUTIONAL LEARNING OF SERCOTEC'S BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT CENTERS PROGRAM

Rodrigo Barra-Novoa — 2022-12-30

The study of Small Business Development Centers is framed within the implementation of support and growth policies for the MSME sector. The research responds to the need to understand the adaptation of the best practices of the U.S. Small Business Development Center (SBDC) model in Latin America, with special attention to the institutional experience of the Business Development Center Program in Chile. The article analyzes the adoption and transfer of the SBDC model in the country, systematizing the institutional learnings obtained between 2015-2020 and examining the economic impact generated in more than 20.000 MSMEs served. The study highlights the creation of new formal jobs and increased sales, demonstrating the effectiveness of the program in improving the productivity and performance of MSMEs. The case study methodology reveals key factors for the program's success and discusses implications for public policy and future lines of research.

LOCAL TERRITORIES FROM THE PRISM OF OTHERNESS. STRUGGLE AND ETHNIC VINDICATION IN THE DEFENSE OF THE INHABITED PLACE

Ricardo Romano-Garrido — 2022-12-30

This essay reflects on the defense of the inhabited place of those marginalized groups, dispossessed by the great machinery of capitalism and its various expansionist facets, emphatically by neoliberalism with the presence of extractive companies that in the case of Mexico acquired a great presence in those regions and territories inhabited by ethnic groups and peasant population for the overexploitation of natural resources. A scenario of dispossession endorsed by the energy reform in 2013, of a neoliberal government that provoked in the local scenario the uprising of communities of indigenous origin and peasants mobilized and organized in defense of water and its natural resources concessioned by the Mexican State to foreign companies for the extraction of minerals, hydrocarbons, among other extractive projects considered grievances due to the threat to natural resources and the destruction of habitable areas by affected communities.

THE IMAGINARY OF GEOPOLITICS IN THE GATEWAY CITIES TO ANTARCTICA

Adrián Pineda-Polanco — 2022-12-30

This article proposes to reflect on the concept of gateway cities to Antarctica, suggesting that they have been assigned a justified role through official discourses, disregarding particular characteristics. This could be part of a dynamic of creating geopolitical discourses by installing symbolic and material devices that seek to consolidate the political will of key actors. The objective of this reflection article is to go beyond the existing geographical and political conceptualizations that are used to explain the “official discourses” that may be justifying unilateral actions to valorize the Antarctic continent. It seeks to pave the way for the development of tools that investigate, from a critical geopolitical approach, in greater depth the interior of these territories, whether or not Antarctica has a differentiating influence on the territorial reality of these places, beyond their role as entry doors.

MAP, SIGN AND REPRESENTATION: A SEMIOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE MAP AS A FORM OF REPRESENTATION OF TERRITORIES AND COMMUNITIES

Miguel Alvarado-Borgoño — 2022-12-30

This article deals with the concept of a map, assumed in generic terms as any form of representation of territories and communities of an iconic nature and that, physically or virtually or by any other means, accounts for a territory where human communities may or may not exist. , in this way the concept of a map is assumed as a cultural artifact, which in the first place has an eminently polysemic character, since it depends on the multiversality of what is interpreted, this in a semiological perspective, on the other hand it is also considered that the The map is a projection of the prejudices of those who interpret it, therefore it is above all a sign or a system of signs, which experiences all the vicissitudes as a guide to the understanding of spaces and human habitation, as also the worldview of cultures regarding their environments and foreign territories.

THE FINANCIAL AUTONOMY OF LOCAL ADMINISTRATIONS: THE CASE OF THE MUNICIPALITIES OF GRAN CONCEPCION

Paulina Rivera-Fuentes — 2022-12-30

The Municipal financial autonomy refers to the ability of municipalities to manage their economic affairs independently and autonomously, without depending to a large extent on resources from higher levels of government. The research seeks to identify the factors of municipal financial autonomy and influence in the decision-making process in the municipalities of Gran Concepción from 2015 to 2020, this is done through a mixed methodology; where financial data is analyzed through SINIM, analysis of interviews with relevant stakeholders, analysis of municipal financing cases, and analysis of the current legal framework in terms of municipal financing. It is concluded that the factors that must be considered for municipal financial autonomy are: socioeconomic characteristics of the people who inhabit the commune, per capita income, the materiality of the houses, the vehicle fleet, local economy variables and the institutional legal framework. of autonomy. There is a direct relationship between the decision-making capacity, in the administration and collection of income and the administration of municipal resources and financial autonomy; in addition, determined factors influence the decision-making process.

HISTORY OF TEACHER TRAINING COLLEGES AND THE EDUCATION CAREER IN MEXICO

Llaudett Natividad Escalona-Márquez — 2022-12-30

In Mexico, teaching at the basic education levels is mainly carried out by teachers trained in the Escuelas Normales (Teacher Training Colleges). These institutions of higher education are the main trainers of education graduates in the country. This responsibility was not given in recent history. The trajectory of the education career was part of historical projects that sought to improve living conditions in the country. In this reflection article the objective is to analyze the history of education in Mexico, with special emphasis on the creation of the Normal Schools and the trajectory of the education career. Emphasis is placed on the two educational reforms to the Normal Schools, that of 1984 and that of 1997. The first one established the professionalization of teachers and the second one the implementation of teaching-research activities and teaching practices.