Journal of Oral Research

Bioethics and Sustainable Development Goals in Dentistry

Francisco Rojas — 2024-03-31

This letter’s objective is to reflect on the discipline of dentistry from a bioethical perspective within the structural framework of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) concerning decision-making at the public policy level, which impacts the population. From a bioethical perspective, the principles of autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice are as relevant in the clinical field —such as the informed consent process, data privacy and confidentiality, and the application of new health technologies— as they are in actions that can collectively impact the population, focusing on individuals and well-being at local, regional, national, and even at global levels.

Dental care in patients with periodontal disease and hearing impairment: a scoping review

Carla Mejías-Ampuero — 2024-03-03

Introduction: Literature shows that individuals with disabilities, including hearing impairment, often suffer from untreated dental caries, poor oral hygiene, and compromised periodontal health, leading to adverse effects on oral health.
Objetive: This study aims to analyze current evidence concerning dental care strategies for controlling, managing, and preventing biofilm accumulation in patients with hearing impairment.
Materials and Methods: A systematic search was conducted in the databases Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO and PubMed between April and May 2022 to identify articles establishing a relationship between periodontal disease and hearing disability. Full-text articles published in English or Spanish between 2012 and 2022 were included.
Results: Seventeen articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. These included cross-sectional studies, cohort studies, clinical trials, case reports, and case-control studies. Most studies reported fair to poor oral health status among individuals. Nine different interventions or management approaches for treating periodontal disease in patients with hearing impairment were identified.
Conclusions: The current global evidence on the association between periodontal disease and hearing impairment is very limited. Dentists may need to employ various strategies to address communication barriers, as outlined in this study.

Association between hyperglycemia and post-exodontia complications in patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus: A Scoping Review

Ignacio Olivares — 2024-03-31

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prevalent chronic metabolic disorder worldwide, with Type II DM (T2DM) emerging as the most widespread variant. In Chile, approximately 11% of adults aged 20 to 79 suffer from this condition. Given its high prevalence, dental surgeons should be trained to evaluate risk factors, particularly the potential complications linked to tooth extraction in individuals with T2DM.
Objetive: To describe the available scientific evidence on post-exodontia complications associated with hyperglycemia in patients with Type II diabetes mellitus.
Materials and Methods: An exploratory systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR extension protocols using the databases PubMed, EBSCO, Scopus and the Cochrane Library. The search employed the following algorithms: ((“Diabetic patient complications” AND “dental extractions”)), ((“Diabetes” AND “tooth extraction”)), ((“Glycemia” AND “tooth extraction complications”), ((“Blood glucose” AND “tooth extractions”), ((“Dental extraction sockets” AND “diabetics”).
Results: Out of a total of 973 articles, 25 were included for this review. Six relevance criteria were considered, revealing safety parameters for conducting extractions in patients with T2DM, with capillary blood glucose levels not exceeding 200 mg/dL for elective extractions and 240 mg/dL for emergency extractions.
Conclusions: There is limited evidence correlating threshold values of hyperglycemia with post-extraction complications in patients with T2DM. Most authors agree that the primary concern is not T2DM itself, but hyperglycemia. Furthermore, there is minimal consistency in the recommended care protocols for these patients.

Effectiveness of Leukocyte – and Platelet-rich Fibrin in the Management of Medication-related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws – A Systematic Review

Rahul Mohandas — 2024-03-31

Background: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a rare, but significant adverse event primarily asso-ciated with the intake of antiresorptive and antiangiogenic medications. Although antiresorptive and antiangiogenic the-rapies improve life expectancy, particularly in cancer patients, MRONJ may hamper the patient’s quality of life due to pain, discomfort, anxiety, depression, speech impairment, difficulty in swallowing and eating, frequent medical and dental evaluations and treatments, and the possibility of treatment discontinuation. Leukocyte– and Platelet-rich Fibrin (L-PRF) is an autologous platelet aggregate that promotes wound healing by stimulating re-epithelialization, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix pro-duction. Aim: The present systematic review aimed to compare the results in the published literature on whether L-PRF is an effective and predictable adjuvant to surgical debridement of necrotic bone for improving the healing efficacy in patients with MRONJ.
Materials and Methods: The PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Science Direct, LILACS, and Web of Science databases were searched using the predetermined MeSH terms and eligibility criteria, and the search yielded a total of five articles. Two studies were retrospective, and three studies were case series.
Results: Seventeen participants received a combination of surgical debridement, L-PRF membrane, and antibiotics. Complete wound healing was observed in 70% of the participants, and most of them healed without any complications.
Conclusions: L-PRF as an adjuvant to surgical debridement of necrosed bone appears to have a positive association with the healing outcome in patients with MRONJ.

Prospective role of VEGF in the association between periodontitis and psoriasis: a scoping review

Constanza Jiménez — 2024-03-31

Introduction: Increasing evidence suggests an association between periodontitis and psoriasis. Both diseases share immunoinflammatory mechanisms and involve angiogenesis mediated by vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF). Therefore, it is plausible that VEGF plays a role in connecting both diseases. Objetive: To systematically summarize current evidence regarding the biological plausibility of VEGF’s involvement in the association between periodontitis and psoriasis.
Materials and Methods: A Scoping Review was conducted following established guidelines. Ad-hoc keywords and inclusion criteria were developed for a comprehensive literature search in PubMed. Only human studies published in the last 7 years were included, excluding non-English or non-Spanish publications. Two independent reviewers performed title and abstract screening, followed by full-text analysis and data extraction.
Results: Twelve studies were included. Main focuses were the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of VEGF in patients with periodontitis (n=7), the blood serum levels of VEGF in patients with periodontitis (n=3), and the blood serum levels of VEGF in patients with psoriasis (n=3). No studies regarding the GCF levels of VEGF in patients with psoriasis were found. None of the included studies addressed individuals with concurrent periodontitis and psoriasis.
Conclusions: Existing evidence shows elevated levels of VEGF in GCF and serum samples of patients with periodontitis. Increased levels of VEGF were also observed in serum samples of individuals with psoriasis. There is a knowledge gap regarding the GCF levels of VEGF among this group. The exact role of VEGF in the interplay between periodontitis and psoriasis remains to be explored.

Fluoride varnish as a preventive treatment of primary teeth: A systematic review

José Orellana-Centeno — 2024-03-31

Objetive: To identify fluoride varnish as a preventive treat-ment for primary teeth in patients according to the evidence in the literature.
Materials and Methods: Literature review in the scientific literature, in the following databases: PUBMED (19), BVS (25), BBO Odontología (21). The descriptors selected in Spanish were: “fluor”, “barniz”, “odontología”. Combined in the following search strategy: Spanish: [“fluor” AND “barniz” AND “odontología”]. PICO and SPIDER methodology was used.
Results: 65 articles were found by selecting by title and abstract. After a thorough reading only 23 articles met the inclusion criteria of being a clinical trial, longitudinal study (quasi-experimental or cohort), duplicate articles and 13 that were not directly related to the topic were not excluded. The final sample totaled seven articles for the systematic review.
Conclusions: Fluoride varnish is a material for preventive use in dentistry that has a wide and successful application in the treatment of the population at all ages and with diverse application in its use.

Decoding the potential link between Covid-19 and mucormycosis: Literature review

S Mounika — 2024-12-31

Background: Mucorales, the causative agent of mu-cormycosis, is a life-threatening fungal infection that pri-marily affects immunocompromised hosts. This condition is becoming more severe during the current COVID-19 pandemic. The objective is to decipher the link between mucormycosis, steroids, and the associated co-morbidities of COVID-associated mucormycosis (CAM). This study is focussed on assessing the various aspects of COVID related mucormycosis. Aim: To systematically review the reported cases of CAM, clinical presentation with steroid therapy and associated comorbidities.
Materials and Methods: MeSH terms like mucor-mycosis, diabetes, SARS-CoV-2 infection, sinus, orbit, and palate were searched in the PUBMED and Google Scholar databases, and 20 case reports and case series were identified.
Results: We found that India had the highest number of cases (60%), 55% of the infected patients were male, 65% had a history of diabetes and the associated risk factor was uncontrolled diabetes (90%). The common clinical presentation among the cases was noted to be necrosis and swelling, with 55% of the cases reported to be rhino orbital mucormycosis. In most of the cases cytological and histological examination had been performed with haematoxylin & eosin, KOH, lactophenol cotton blue, and special stains such as PAS and GMS had been used in few cases along with culture in Sabouraud dextrose agar. Regarding treatment, 85% of the cases were treated with amphotericin B and in 15% of cases a combination of amphotericin B and posaconazole was employed. The rate of mortality reported was estimated to be 25%.
Conclusion: COVID-19 infection poses a significant threat to diabetic patients, increasing their susceptibility to mucormycosis. Therefore, the careful use of steroids and routine monitoring are essential in preventing this invasive infection.

Ceramic facet as an alternative to replacing a implant-supported crown in infraocclusion – clinical case

Natalia Marcus — 2024-03-01

Introduction: Scientific evidence has shown us that dental implants do not adapt to the natural eruptive process of the teeth, so over the years they can stand in infraposition in relation to the neighboring teeth, especially when the implants have been placed in patients at the age of growth.
Case Report: In this case report, an alternative is consi-dered to avoid removing the implant-supported crown and having to make a new one by adhering a lithium disilicate veneer. The application of hydrofluoric acid and silane is considered the gold standard for the conditioning of glass ceramics, but it presents high toxicity and is a protocol-sensitive method.
Conclusion: The objective is to propose an alternative for the preparation and conditioning of ceramics based on ammonium polyflouride under absolute isolation. This approach involves returning the patient´s function and aesthetics with a conservative and economical treatment compared to total replacement of the prosthesis.

Behavioral management approaches in dentistry and stress management for a patient with salt-wasting congenital adrenal hyperplasia and autism spectrum disorder: a case report

Cecilia Cantero-Fuentealba — 2024-03-31

Introduction: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) refers to a group of autosomal recessive disorders characterized by a deficiency that prevents or hinders cortisol biosynthesis. The most frequent and severe form is the salt-wasting type, which involves a significant decrease in cortisol and aldosterone levels resulting in potentially fatal shock due to insufficient cortisol response to stress. On the other hand, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is one of the most prevalent and complex neurodevelopmental disorders. It is characterized by difficulties in communication and social interaction, and by restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, and activities. Objective: To present a case of dental treatment in which behavioral management was used to reduce stress in a patient with salt-wasting CAH and ASD, as an alternative to pharmacological management.
Case Report: This report presents the case of an 11-year-old male patient diagnosed with salt-wasting CAH and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Reason for consultation: the patient’s parents requested an alternative treatment for caries that would not require general anesthesia. The patient shows negative behavior towards dental care. The parents reported the inability to manage his son’s behavior during a previous dental experience in an operating room under general anesthesia. The patient was treated at the Special Patients Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Concepción, Chile, between the years 2015 and 2023. Restorative and preventive dental treatment was planned. The frequency of care varied from once a week to every two weeks during the adaptation and restorative stage; and every three months in the preventive and maintenance stage. The treatment was carried out using behavioral modeling strategies in dental care as an alternative to pharmacological management for stress control. In the initial interventions, a negative behavior was observed. However, after a year of dental treatment involving psychoeducational techniques, the patient gradually progressed to a definitely positive behavior.
Conclusion: This case shows that the use of psychoeducational techniques and strategies in dental treatment was a beneficial and effective alternative to pharmacological methods to manage stress and medical crises. An improvement in the patient’s behavior was achieved throughout the course of treatment.

Phenotypic characteristics and differentiation potential of gingival mesenchymal stem cells in hyperglycemia — An ex vivo exploratory study

Suman Basavaraju — 2024-03-01

Background: The therapeutic use of gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) as autologous cells may pose the challenge of alterations inflicted by the hyperglycemic environment.
Objective: This study aims to assess the effects of hyperglycemia on the characteristics of GMSCs in diabetics.
Materials and Methods: 10 patients who consented and fulfilled the criteria for inclusion and exclusion were recruited and categorized as test (HbA1c > 6.5) and control (HbA1c < 6.0). Gingival explants were obtained from gingival collar of teeth, washed, digested and cultured. The cells were subjected to microscopic observation to assess phenotype characteristics, and flow cytometry and qRT-PCR to assess differentiation potential. Stem cell markers CD90, CD73, CD105, CD34, CD45, HLA DR & HLA ABC, osteogenic differentiation markers RUNX2 & OCN, adipogenic differentiation markers PPARG2 & FABP4 and chondrogenic differentiation markers SOX9 & AGCN were evaluated.
Results: Microscopic appearance of spindle shaped cells was found to be comparable in both groups. Flow cytometry results demonstrated comparable expressions with both groups, samples being positive for CD90, CD73, CD105, HLA ABC and negative for CD34, CD45 & HLA DR. There were variations in the expression of markers when assessed for differentiation potentials.
Conclusions: The hyperglycemic environment did not manifest any changes in the phenotypic characteristics of GMSCs among diabetics. However, the expression of certain differentiation markers was significantly altered in the diabetic test population included. Further research is being conducted to understand the GMSCs in a hyperglycemic environment with an aim to develop strategies to optimize its clinical implications.

Comparison of dental dimensions in models developed with digital procedures and plaster models

Hooman Shafaee — 2024-03-01

Aim: This study aimed to collect evidence on the validity and reliability of measurements obtained from digital impression techniques.
Materials and Methods: This comparative study was conducted on 31 patients. Intraoral scanner was applied to all patients. For each patient, an alginate impression of the upper maxilla was taken and later the 3D digital model was extracted by dental cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). For preparation of plaster models, alginate impressions were taken and immediately poured with dental stone. In the next stage, a comparison was performed among the intraoral scanner, CBCT, and plaster models in terms of tooth size, dental width, and intra-arch dimensions.
Results: Measuring tooth size and intra-arch dimensions in digital images obtained from intraoral scanner and CBCT were in most cases lower than the results obtained in the plaster models but the differences between digital techniques and plaster models are not clinically noticeable.
Conclusions: Digital systems including intraoral scanner and CBCT are acceptable for clinical use in terms of accuracy.

A feasible in vitro method to evaluate bacterial infiltration in three implant-abutment connection systems

Alexandre Cavalcante de Queiroz — 2024-03-01

Introduction: Microorganism infiltration through the im-plant-abutment interface causes oral health problems such as periimplantitis, leading to implant loss.
Materials and Methods: A feasible new method to quantify the Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) infiltration through the implant-abutment interface gap is introduced in the present work. Internal hexagon (IH; n = 10), external hexagon (EH; n = 10), Morse taper (MT; n = 10), and a control for each group (n = 1) were tested. Bacteria suspension was prepared at 1.5x108 CFU/mL (CFU: colony forming units), and the implants were individually submerged up to the connection level, allowing the bacteria to contact it. The abutment was removed, and bacteria count was performed.
Results: The implant sets were tested under normal bacterial growth and early and late biofilm growth conditions. Colony-forming units per mL were obtained, and the results were compared among groups. Differences in bacterial count between the MT and EH (p<0.001) and the MT and IH (p<0.001) groups were significantly higher in the MT-type implant. There was a significant increment of bacterial infiltration in the MTs submitted to late biofilm growth conditions. EH and IH connections are more effective in preventing bacterial infiltration independent of the growth condition.
Conclusions: The proposed methodology is feasible to evaluate the infiltration of microorganisms through the implant-abutment interface.

Evaluation of the root morphology of mandibular first premolars using cone-beam computed tomography in a peruvian population

Olger Benavides-Guzman — 2024-03-01

Introduction: The morphology of the root canal of the first premolars is not always the same and therefore a good knowledge of its dental anatomy is essential. Aim: To assess the morphology of roots and root canals of mandibular first premolars in a Peruvian population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. A total of 370 mandibular first premolars fulfilling the inclusion criteria were evaluated using CBCT, and the number of roots and root canals, the Vertucci’s classification of root canal configuration, age, sex and side of the tooth were registered.
Results: One and two roots were presented in 96.2% (n=356) and 3.8% (n=14), respectively, of the mandibular first premolars analyzed, and one canal was present in 67.6% (n=250) and two canals in 32.2% (n=119). A type I root canal configuration was found in 67.6% (n=250) of the cases followed by type V with 26.2% (n=97). A statistically significant association was found between the number of roots and canals (p<0.001) and age also had a significant influence on this variable (p=0.0043).
Conclusions: The presence of one canal in mandibular first premolars is the most frequent, although there is a considerable prevalence of two in the population studied. The number of roots is associated with the number of canals, with age having a significant influence on these variables.

Comparative evaluation of hydrogen peroxide and Chlorhexidine mouthwash on salivary interleukin-1ß levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic periodontitis: a randomized controlled clinical trial

Swet Nisha — 2024-03-01

Introduction: Periodontal inflammation causes dysbiosis and change in the microbiota. Nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) helps in removal of plaque and restoring periodontal health. Various adjunctive therapy like use of mouthwash helps in maintenance of periodontal health and reducing inflammatory load.
Materials and Methods: A total of 108 subjects diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and periodontitis were divided into three groups: Group 1 received NSPT and rinsing with 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash for 3 months, Group 2 received NSPT and rinsing with 1.5% hydrogen peroxide mouthwash for 3 months, Group 3- received NSPT only (control group). The clinical parameters measured included Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Bleeding on probing (BOP) and probing (PD) at baseline, 1, 2, 3 months follow up. Salivary interleukin 1?levels were measured at baseline and 3 months interval.
Results: Group 1, 2 and 3 showed significant reduction in PI, GI, BOP and PD at 1 and 3 months follow up (p<0.05). However, Intergroup comparison of clinical parameters showed significant reduction in group 1 and 2 when compared with group 3 (p<0.05). Salivary interleukin 1-? levels showed significant reduction from baseline to 3 months in all the three groups and intergroup comparison didn’t show any significant changes, (p>0.05).
Conclusions: Hydrogen peroxide mouthwash as an adjunct to NSPT can be considered as a safe and effective measure to reduce periodontal inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with chronic periodontitis.

Analysis of primary caregivers’ knowledge concerning the cariogenic risk associated with the use of pediatric liquid medications

Florencia Cáceres-Riveros — 2024-03-31

Introduction: Pediatric liquid medications (PLM) are frequently administered to children, yet their usage may contribute to the onset of dental caries. Despite its prevalence, there is a notable scarcity of scientific research regarding caregivers’ knowledge of this potential cariogenic risk.
Objective: This study aims to assess the knowledge of the main caregivers of children aged 5 to 12 years concerning the cariogenic potential associated with the use of PLM.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical obser-vational study involving 152 primary caregivers of children aged 5 to 12 was conducted. Data were collected on caregivers’ perceptions of the cariogenic risk associated with PLMs and their consumption habits. The study also assessed oral hygiene routines and evaluated the level of information provided by healthcare professionals.
Results: Research findings indicated a significant lack of awa-reness among primary caregivers regarding the cariogenic risks of PLMs, with 78.95% being unaware of these risks and 47.37% unaware of the sugars present in such medications. Additionally, a high rate of PLM consumption was observed, with 63% of caregivers using them in the last year. The study underscored a notable absence of guidance from healthcare professionals, as 91.45% of the caregivers stated that they had not received instructions on tooth brushing after the administration of the PLM.
Conclusions: The study highlights a significant lack of awa-reness among primary caregivers regarding the cariogenic risks associated with the ingestion of pediatric liquid medications. This deficit in information and preventive measures presents a substantial obstacle to children’s oral health. To address this issue, it is crucial for healthcare professionals to offer comprehensive guidance and promote preventive measures.

Effects of furcation involvement on molar survival in Periodontally treated patients

Nurul Ain Mohamed Yusof — 2024-03-31

Objective: This study aims to analyze the survival time of molar tooth according to furcation involvement (FI) classification among periodontally treated patients under a supportive periodontal care program.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was con-ducted among 77 periodontitis patients with 240 molars who had undergone periodontal therapy that were followed up with supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) for at least five years. Periodontitis patients’ data were retrieved from the periodontic clinical record. The clinical parameters of all involved molars and treatment modality were recorded at baseline and SPT.
Results: A total of 69 (28.8%) molars were extracted during active periodontal therapy, while 17 (7.1%) were lost during SPT. The 5-year survival rate of molars was 83.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 76.9-88.4) for FI=0 (n=141), 81.0% (95% CI, 56.9-92.4) for FI=I (n=18), 50.0% (95% CI, 33.8-64.2) for FI=II (n=21), and 25.0% (95% CI, 6.9-48.8) for FI=III (n=4). Additionally, the 10-year survival rate for molars with FI = III was 12.5% (95% CI, 1.0-39.2), which was lower than that of molars with FI = 0 (77.1%; 95% CI, 69.7-83.0).
Conclusions: The presence of a high degree of FI classifica-tion, especially Class III, is associated with a lower survival rate of molars among periodontally treated patients. Retention of molars is possible on a long-term basis through a maintenance program of periodontal therapy.

Association between early childhood caries and nutritional status in children in a Peruvian social program. A cross-sectional study

Tania Padilla-Cáceres — 2024-03-31

Introduction: Early childhood caries is still very prevalent, mainly in developing countries, and it is related to the quality of life of children due to early tooth loss.
Objective: The study objective was to determine the association between dental caries and its clinical consequences on nutritional status in children of the “Vaso de Leche (Glass of Milk)’’ social program, in Puno City, Peru, during the year 2020.
Materials and Methods: An observational, descriptive-correlational, cross-sectional study; the sample consisted of 740 children between 1 and 5 years old who met the selection criteria; the clinical consequences of untreated dental caries were evaluated using the PUFA index and the prevalence of caries with def-t; the nutritional status was determined by the weight and height of the child according to protocols (NTS No. 357 - MINSA /2017/ DGIESP); the data were analyzed with the SPSS-v25 program, the association between variables was evaluated with the chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman’s Rho test, considering significance at a p-value <0.05.
Results: No significant relationship was found when dental caries was evaluated with the nutritional condition (p<0.05). However, when the def-t index values were related to the nutritional condition of the children, a significant difference was found (p<0.05). There was no significant difference with the PUFA index (p>0.05).
Conclusions: There is no association between early childhood caries and nutritional status in children aged between 3 and 5 years; however, a significant relationship was found between the values of the def-t index and the nutritional status of the children

Assessment of attributes for choosing a dental center in Trujillo, Peru: patients versus dentists

Karem Maytee Carranza-Fernández — 2024-12-31

Objective: To determine the difference between patients and dentists regarding the assessment of attributes for choosing a dental center in Trujillo, Peru.
Materials and Methods: A comparative cross-sectional observational study was conducted involving a sample of 162 dentists and 162 patients from the Trujillo province in Peru. The data was collected through a virtual questionnaire, validated by experts, and assessed for reliability. Statistical analysis was performed using the U-Mann Whitney and Spearman correlation tests, with a significance level set at 5%.
Results: Patients, in comparison to dentists, demonstrated a greater preference for selecting a dental center where the practitioner is a recognized specialist (p<0.001). Similarly, patients showed a preference for centers offering expedited appointments, advanced technology, and equipment, providing affordable and flexible payment options, free consultations, and having convenient parking and comfortable facilities (p<0.05). Conversely, dentists perceived that the most valued attribute by patients is the recommendation of the dentist (p=0.031).
Conclusions: When choosing a dental center, patients primarily value attributes related to both the professional responsible for care and administrative management. Conversely, dentists consider the main factor influencing a patient’s choice of dental center to be recommendations of the dentist. Valoración de los atributos para la elección de un centro odontológico en Trujillo, Perú: pacientes versus odontólogos

Effectiveness of commercially available denture adhesives on retention of mandibular complete denture in resorbed mandibular ridge: An in vitro study

Indumathi Sivakumar — 2024-03-31

Background: Denture adhesives are alternatives used to improve retention, stability, comfort and satisfaction in patients with complete dentures. Evidence on the effectiveness of denture adhesives on resorbed mandibular ridges is scarce. Among the many commercially available denture adhesives, the ideal material for the severely resorbed mandibular ridge remains in dispute. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different quantities of four commercially available denture adhesives on the retention of mandibular complete dentures in severely resorbed ridges.
Materials and Methods: A resorbed edentulous mandibular ridge model was manufactured in acrylic resin. A denture base was made and three loops were attached to it. Four commercially available denture adhesives (Fixodent, Perlie White, Fiftydent and Polident) were tested in amounts of 0.2 g, 0.4 g, 0.6 g, 0.8 g and 1.0 g. The acrylic resin model was evenly moistened with 1 ml of water and a weighted amount of adhesive material was applied to the denture base. The universal testing machine engaged the loops fixed on the denture base and applied the vertical displacement force. The maximum vertical displacement force values were recorded for each denture adhesive material at different amounts. Statistical calculation was performed using Kruskal Wallis with Bonferroni post hoc correction.
Results: Statistically significant differences were observed in the mean values of the vertical displacement force for adhesive amounts of 0.2 g, 0.4 g, 0.6 g and 1.0 g (p<0.05) between the four adhesive materials tested. Statistically significant differences were observed when four denture adhesives were compared to each other in different amounts (p<0.05). Statistically significant differences were observed between different amounts for each of four denture adhesives (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Among the four materials tested, Polident showed greater effectiveness at 0.6 g and 0.8 g, Fittydent at 0.6 g, 0.8 g and 1 g, Fixodent at 0.4 g and 0.6 g and Perlie White at 1 g and 0.8g quantity to resist vertical displacement. forces on the severely resorbed mandibular crest. Using an appropriate amount of denture adhesive allows for proper retention of the denture; Replacement of this adhesive is necessary once a day.

Nasolabial anthropometry using 3D computed tomography scan reconstruction: baseline study for nasolabial correction in Indonesian children with cleft lip and palate

Erli Sarilita — 2024-03-31

Background: The normal nasolabial structure of infants and chil-dren from East Asian, specifically Indonesian, descent groups has been less explored in the literature. This anthropometric study is used as a guide in lip repair in patients with clefts. This retrospective study used archived CT images from the Indonesian population.
Materials and Methods: Computed tomography records of children under 5 years of age were extracted from a provincial hospital. The images were then filtered based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and then the 2D slices were reconstructed using the open source software Invesalius. Twenty-five variable nasolabial parameters of the nasolabial structure were then measured in the 3D rendering mode. Images with craniofacial dysmorphism or cannulas that passed over the nasolabial structure were excluded. Results were summarized using descriptive statistics.
Results: Fourteen of 128 CT images were included in this study. The samples were divided into two age groups: 0-12 months and 25-54 months. There were moderate to strong, positive correlations between age and all nasolabial variables, which were statistically significant (p<0.05) except for nasal length, nares circumference, columella width, superior philtrum width, philtrum column height, and cutaneous upper lip height.
Conclusions: This study described anthropometric measu-rements of normal nasolabial structures as a reference point for lip correction surgery. However, to obtain more accurate anthro-pometric guidelines, further studies with larger sample sizes are desirable. Although surgical repair of the lip is usually performed within the first year of life, some cases of surgery are performed after infancy.

Influence of different opacities and layering technique of nanotechnology composite resins regarding the wavelength and fluorescence intensity: in vitro study

Carla Portocarrero-Flores — 2024-03-31

Objective: To evaluate the influence of opacity and the layering technique on the fluorescence of different composite resins.
Materials and Methods: Two opacities (enamel and dentin) and the layering technique (enamel + dentin) of the composite resins: Filtek® Z350 and Palfique LX5 were evaluated in vitro. Composite resin discs were fabricated using a preformed matrix of 10 mm diameter and 0.5 mm thick for the single opacity groups and 10 mm thick for the layering technique groups, using 2 layers of 0.5 mm thickness of each opacity (n = 5). Specimens were analyzed using the Raman spectroscopy method. Data were analyzed using the Kruskall-wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests.
Results: When evaluating the intensity of fluorescence, no statistically significant difference was found when comparing the layering technique and enamel opacity (p2> 0.05) and an increase in the dentin opacity value for both brands of composite resin. Regarding wavelength, no statistically significant difference was found when comparing the layering technique with enamel opacity and dentin opacity for both Filtek® Z350 and Palfique LX5® composite resins (p2 > 0.05).
Conclusions: The fluorescence intensity of the layering technique is similar to enamel opacity for both composite resins. Likewise, the wavelength of the layering technique is similar to the enamel opacity and dentin opacity for both brands.

Changes on food intake, body weight and salivary amylase synthesis in the submandibular gland of Wistar rats treated with Bevacizumab and cytostatics

Claudio Gastón Dubersarsky — 2024-03-31

Background: Bevacizumab together with 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin inhibit microvascular growth of tumor blood vessels and tumor proliferation. Few reports state the effect of these therapeutic schemes on salivary glands.
Materials and Methods: Food consumption, body weight and salivary amylase activity were assessed in the submandibular gland of rats. Adult male Wistar rats, of three months old with 350/400 grams body weight, under 12-hour light/dark cycles respectively, were divided into the following experimental groups: G1) Control group, G2) 5-Fluorouracil and leucovorin calcium treated group, G3) Bevacizumab treated group, G4) Oxaliplatin treated group, G5) Bevacizumab, oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin calcium treated group and G6) Drug-free paired feeding treated group. Assessment of treatment effect was performed by one-way ANOVA. A value of p<0.05 was set for statistical significance.
Results: Salivary amylase activity in gland homogenate was G1: 137.9 ± 4.64, G2: 60.95±4.64, G3: 120.93 ± 4.96, G4: 26.17 ±4.64, G5: 10.77 ±4.64 and G6: 82.87 ±4.64 U/mg protein (mean ± S.D.) Amylase activity in the G1 group was higher relative to the other experimental groups p<0.0001.
Conclusions: The drugs 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin altered salivary amylase activity by serous granules of the submandibular gland interpreted as a mechanism of impaired acinar function. Bevacizumab administered in isolation did not alter salivary amylase activity compared to the control group. While the lower intake of the matched feeding group affected salivary amylase activity compared to the control group, the effect was significantly greater in animals treated with the oncology drugs used in the present animal model.

Effect of Adding Fluoride to Camellia sinensis Against Dentin Erosion Generated by Non-Bacterial Acids

Ricardo Reyes-Mansilla — 2024-03-31

Introduction: Natural products are an option to be used in different conditions in the oral cavity, such as Camellia sinensis, which due to its different properties would be beneficial in the erosion of the dental surface.
Objetive: Determinar el efecto del extracto de Camellia sinensis (C. sinensis) adicionado con flúor frente a la acción erosiva de ácidos no bacterianos en la superficie de la dentina humana
Materials and Methods: Quasi-experimental, pros-pective, longitudinal, and in vitro study, consisting of 50 samples of human dentin, which were classified into 5 study groups: distilled water, hydrochloric acid, 2% C. sinensis extract, sodium fluoride. 2% and 2% C. sinensis extract added with 2% sodium fluoride. The surface roughness of each sample was evaluated with the SRT6200 digital roughness meter, obtaining a total average roughness and the measurements were carried out in two moments.
Results: It was observed that the 2% C. sinensis extract, the 2% sodium fluoride, and the C. sinensis extract added with 2% sodium fluoride, showed a variation in surface roughness between before and after, which was not significant (p<0.05) in all cases. It should be noted that the C. sinensis plus sodium fluoride group is the one that obtained the best variation in the mean surface roughness than the other groups studied.
Conclusions: The 2% C. sinensis extract, 2% sodium fluoride, and the combination of both compounds demonstrated an inhibitory effect against the erosive action of hydrochloric acid (0.01 M) on the dentin surface, not presenting a statistically significant difference in the results.

Analysis of root canal obturation length in endodontic treatments performed by undergraduate dental students

Joaquín Lucero-Mora — 2024-03-01

Introduction: Cross-sectional observational study whose purpose was to analyze the length of root canal obturation, according to the Barrieshi-Nussair criteria, in endodontic treatments performed by undergraduate students at the School of Dentistry at Finis Terrae University, in the year 2022.
Results: 88.5% obtained an acceptable obturation length, 6.7% were overfilled and 4.8% were underfilled. Regarding the academic year, in the 4^th year, 77.8% of the endodontic treatments had an acceptable obturation length; in the 5^th year, 89.4%; and in the 6^th year, 90%. In the lower jaw, 89.3% were acceptable and in the upper jaw, 88.2% were acceptable. In the incisor group, 83.3% achieved an acceptable obturation length, 100% in the canines and 89.1% in the premolars.
Conclusion: The results obtained in this study were superior to some described in the Middle East, lower or similar to those found in Europe, and comparable to others reported in Chile. In all variables, the percentage of acceptable obturation length according to the Barrieshi-Nusair criteria was predominant (77.8% for 4th, 89.4% for 5^th, 90% for 6th, 89.3% for mandible, 88.2% for maxilla, 83.3% for incisors, 100% for canines and 89.1% for premolars). This high percentage of acceptable treatments may be due, among other factors, to the use of the electronic apical locator and the accompaniment of specialists during undergraduate training and endodontic treatment.

Characteristics of the Buccal Shelf for the installation of miniscrews in Chilean individuals aged 15-45 years: a descriptive study

Lourdes Wang — 2024-03-25

Introduction: Orthodontic mini-screws allow complex therapeutic objectives to be achieved conservatively, so their use in clinical practice has increased considerably in recent years. The most important aspect to consider is the stability when installing it, related to the thickness of the cortical bone in the area where it is implanted. In the mandible, it has been seen that the area with the highest success rate is that of the buccal shelf (BS). Several studies have proposed variation in its location and bone thickness according to the characteristics of each patient. Objective: To describe the characteristics of the mandibular vestibular balcony (Buccal Shelf or BS) through the study of CBCT in individuals between 15-45 years of age in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago de Chile.
Materials and Methods: Full-head CBCT images of 159 patients aged 15 to 45 years were analyzed, categorized into 3 groups classified according to age between 15-24 years; 25-34 years; 35-45 years. The patients’ facial pattern was measured based on Steiner’s S-N-Go-Gn angle, where it was classified into three ranges; less than 30 degrees, between 30 and 34 degrees, greater than 34 degrees and were analyzed with BlueSkyPlan software4. For the statistical tests, the normality in the distribution of the data was first analyzed through the Shapiro-Wilk test. For the comparison between variables, the Kruskal Wallis test was used with Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test. The Horos v.3.3.5 program was used for measurements of alveolar cortical thickness and the angle formed by the cortical contour of the BS in relation to the axial axis of the respective molar. All images were obtained with a KODAK 9500 CT scanner and stored in DICOM files.
Results: The distance from the cortical to the tooth root increases from mesial to distal and as depth increases. When assessing the distance from the cortical to the inferior alveolar nerve, it also increases from mesial to distal, but decreases as the depth of the site increases. The greatest distance is from the vestibular cortical of the distal site of the second mandibular molar at 7mm depth to the root of the same tooth and, also, the vestibular cortical of the distal site of the second mandibular molar at 5 mm depth to the alveolar nerve.
Conclusion: From mesial to distal in this area, the slope of the vestibular balcony increases, becoming flatter; likewise, the distance to the molar root and mandibular alveolar nerve measured from the alveolar cortical also increases. This may be due to the principle of mandibular growth and physiological characteristics of the posterior mandibular area. Different facial patterns show differences in the anatomy of the vestibular balcony, mainly in the angle of the vestibular balcony, but not in the thickness of the alveolar cortical bone in this area. It is important to consider that the variations found in other studies may be due primarily to racial differences.

Evaluation of pain perception and enamel loss by two different techniques of debonding: a randomized controlled trial

Lakshmi Niharika Ubbarapu — 2024-03-03

Objective: To assess the level of discomfort experienced by patients during the debonding procedure using two different debonding instruments, as well quantify the iatrogenic enamel loss following debonding.
Materials and Methods: A total of 50 patients who were due for debonding were randomly allocated into two equal groups of 25 each by SNOSE method. The group-A (GDC Bracket Remover # Straight Plier (3000/83)) and group- B (#095-S - Bracket and Adhesive Removing Plier. Orthopli, Philadelphia, Pa) were utilized for debonding by a standard procedure. Patients were given a pain-perception worksheet with a visual analogue scale (VAS) to note the pain/discomfort experienced. The amount of residual enamel attached to the bracket base pad was evaluated by elemental mapping using backscattered scanning electron microscopy technique. Mann Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test were utilized for analysing pain perception. The bracket adhesive remnant index (BARI) and adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were analysed using Chi-Square Test.
Results: The pain perception with ORTHOPLI adhesive and bracket debonding plier (22.5) was less compared to that of GDC plier (30) and statistically significant. BARI scores showed 39% more enamel loss in Group B compared to Group A. ARI scores showed less amount of adhesive attached to tooth surface in Group B (58%) compared to group A. Whereas, the percentage of enamel attached to the bracket base of both the groups showed no significant difference.
Conclusion: ORTHOPLI adhesive and bracket debonding plier is more effective in debonding as it causes comparatively less pain and adhesive attached to the tooth surface.

Short Term Effects of Prosthodontic Rehabilitation on Dietary Intake and Body Mass Index in Edentulous Patients in Malaysia

Ayesha Jubapu — 2024-03-01

Background: Edentulism in the elderly population has been related to changes in food intake and nutritional deficiency, as it has a measurable impact on mastication. Providing dentures helps in enhancing the chewing ability and improving the dietary intake of the elderly, thus improving their physical status. Aim: The objectives of this study were to identify the preliminary changes in physical status of edentulous patients, to identify the changes in calorie intake, and to examine the association between calorie intake and the physical status of edentulous individuals before and after prosthodontic rehabilitation.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 39 patients. The parameters used to conduct the study for evaluating and comparing the dietary intake with physical status were clinical extra oral and intra oral examination of the patients, anthropometric records including body-mass-index (BMI) and 24-hour dietary recall method. First level of analysis was done using descriptive statistics and second level of analysis was done using Pearson’s chi-square test.
Results: There was an increase in calorie intake in 51.3% of the patients after prosthodontic rehabilitation. Meanwhile, 28.2% had a decrease in calorie intake and 20.5% showed no difference in their calorie intake. For the association between calorie intake with physical status, 33.3% showed an increase in calorie intake and normal BMI. While 25.6% showed a decrease in calorie intake with normal BMI after rehabilitation, 15.4% had no changes in their calorie intake with normal BMI.
Conclusion: The majority of edentulous patients both before and after prosthodontic rehabilitation had a lower calorie intake than recommended. There was no significant difference between calorie intake and physical status of patients after prosthodontic rehabilitation.

Determination of surface roughness and hardness of mollosil-silicone- based chairside soft liner incorporated with bergamot essential oil

Hawraa Khalid Aziz — 2024-03-31

Background: Recently, the incorporation of medicinal plant extracts into biomaterials has gained attention as a natural alternative with significant antifungal properties. The objective of the current study is to assess the impact of adding two different concentrations of Bergamot essential oil (BEO) on the surface roughness and surface hardness of silicone-based cold-cured soft liner material.
Materials and Methods: The study consisted of three groups of silicone cold cured soft liner material mollosil, each group consists of 10 specimens: group1 (control) soft liner alone; group 2 with 5% BEO added to the catalyst of silicon soft liner; and group 3 with 6% of BEO added to the catalyst of silicon soft liner. Thirty samples were prepared for the different tests used in this study. The samples were divided according to tests into two main groups: surface hardness and surface roughness tests.
Results: Surface roughness tests showed that control and 5% BEO groups had a lower mean value than the 6% BEO group which showed a higher roughness, and the experimental group with 5% BEO showed the lowest mean value, with non-significant difference among the groups. The results of shore A hardness test showed that the highest mean value was found for the control group and both 5% and 6% BEO groups showed lower mean values of hardness.
Conclusion: The incorporation of bergamot essential oil had no effect on the surface roughness of soft liner while lowering the surface hardness of the liner material.

Procalcitonin Levels In Individuals With Or Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus- A Cross-Sectional Study In Stage II Periodontitis Patients

Soniya Dharmadhikari — 2024-03-31

Aim: The objective of this current study is to evaluate and compare the concentrations of Procalcitonin (ProCT) in both serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of individuals with and without controlled Type II Diabetes Mellitus in relation to periodontal health and disease
Materials and Methods: In this study, 40 subjects were divided into four groups: 10 individuals with gingival health (Group 1), 10 with Type II Diabetes Mellitus (Group 2), 10 with Stage 2 Periodontitis and Type II Diabetes Mellitus (Group 3), and 10 with Stage 2 Periodontitis (Group 4). Baseline periodontal parameters such as gingival index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level were recorded for each subject. Additionally, GCF and serum samples were collected, and ProCT levels were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Results: Subjects with Stage 2 periodontitis and Type II Diabetes Mellitus were observed to have higher mean levels of GCF and serum ProCT compared to healthy patients and those with either periodontitis or diabetes mellitus alone. Additionally, ProCT levels were found to be higher in subjects with Type II Diabetes Mellitus compared to non-diabetics. Serum ProCT levels were also found to be higher than GCF levels.
Conclusion: The majority of edentulous patients both before and after prosthodontic rehabilitation had a lower calorie intake than recommended. There was no significant difference between calorie intake and physical status of patients after prosthodontic rehabilitation.

Relationship between Periodontal Disease with Low Birth Weight: A Prospective Cohort Study (A Path Analysis)

Masoomeh Kheirkhahi — 2024-03-31

Objetive: The study aimed to assess the influence of periodontal diseases during pregnancy and identify potential risk factors associated with low birth weight.
Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted on pregnant mothers in the second trimester of pregnancy. The final sample included 275 women. The severity of gingivitis, plaque, calculus, and attachment loss around 6 Ramfjord teeth were examined. After the estimated delivery time, we conducted a follow-up by phone to inquire about the delivery outcome and the baby’s birth weight. Logistic regression and path analysis served to find the relationship between variables and low birth weight.
Results: About 190 cases in all 275 were in the range of 25-34. There was a significant relationship between low birth weight and calcium supplementation, gestational age of 37-42 weeks, gestational hypertension, asthma during the pregnancy, severe attachment loss, severe calculus in Ramfjord’s teeth, and severe bleeding on probing (p<0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed a significant relationship between low birth weight and the mother’s weights of less than 60 kg (adjusted odds ratio=4.66), calcium supplementation (adjusted odds ratio=3.00), gestational hypertension (adjusted odds ratio=0.16), lining bleeding on probing (adjusted odds ratio=8.57), maximum bleeding on probing (adjusted odds ratio=29.56; p-value<0.05). Maternal education, gestational age, and maternal diabetes directly affect low birth weight. In contrast, maternal age, lack of folic acid and calcium supplementation, gestational hypertension, regular brushing, and attachment loss indirectly affected the conceptual model analysis (p-value<0.05).
Conclusion: The majority of edentulous patients both before and after prosthodon after prosthodontic rehabilitation.

Conceptions and problems related to the academic writing of the undergraduate thesis in dental students of a peruvian university

Yuri Castro-Rodríguez — 2024-12-31

Objetive: To identify the conceptions and problems related to academic writing presented by a group of dental students during the preparation of their undergraduate thesis
Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with 72 students of stomatology at the Universidad Científica del Sur (Lima, Peru). The technique used was the survey and the instrument was a questionnaire (Writing Process Questionnaire) that evaluated the dimensions of blocking, procrastination, perfectionism, innate ability, knowledge and transformation, and productivity. The scale data were analyzed through relative frequencies for each question, also analyzed through average scores.
Results: 68 students were surveyed (response rate = 94.4 %) and the frequency of responses per question showed that in the dimension “blocking” 35.3 % (n=24) agreed that they “hate writing” and 48.5 % (n=33) strongly agreed that they “find it easier to express themselves in other ways than writing”. Correlations were found between the dimensions blocking-perfectionism (r=0.712), blocking-procrastination (r=0.645) and productivity-procrastination (r=0.708).
Conclusion: Undergraduate students perceive some difficulties during their thesis writing. These are more frequent in the dimensions of blocking, perfectionism, procrastination and productivity. Scores are lower in students who present previous extracurricular writing experiences and present high academic performance.

Self-medication among individuals attending a university dental clinic in santiago, chile, 2022

Dafna Benadof — 2024-12-31

Objetive: To identify the determinants of self-medication for dental reasons among individuals treated at a dental clinic in Santiago, Chile, 2022.
Materials and Methods: A quantitative, observational, and cross-sectional study was conducted. The sample consisted of individuals aged 18 to 75 years, residents of the Metropolitan Region, who were treated at the dental clinic of Universidad Andrés Bello in Santiago, and who had self-medicated for dental reasons within the past six months.
Results: Among the 206 participants, 64.6% reported having self-medicated for dental reasons one to three times within the past six months. Acetaminophen was reported as the first-choice analgesic for 23.3% of the subjects, and 63.6% purchased their medications at pharmacies without a prior prescription. In 65.5% of cases, family and/or friends recommended self-medication as a solution for dental pain. Additionally, 31.6% of participants recognized the risk of poisoning or overdosing as a potential negative outcome.
Conclusion: This research shows a high prevalence of self-medication among the subjects evaluated. The irrational use of medications was identified as a common practice, and although participants consider it risky, it remains their first option to relieve symptoms. These findings highlight the need to educate and raise awareness among the population about the risks of self-medication.

Effectiveness of immediate post-extraction socket irrigation with chlorhexidine, povidone-iodine, and normal saline on pain and wound healing in intra-alveolar extraction

Rethish Elangovan — 2024-12-31

Introduction: Tooth extraction is a common dental procedure. Immediate post extraction irrigation (IPEI) is done to remove tissue debris, metabolic waste, and tissue exudate to reduce microbial burden. However, due to insufficient clinical trials of high- quality evidence, there are still contradictions around IPEI. Aims: This random clinical trial was conducted to 1. Compare pain between groups undergoing IPEI with normal saline (NS), 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate (CG) and 0.5% povidone iodine (PI). 2. To measure the effect of gender, age, ASA category and clinical status of tooth being extracted on pain, and 3. Compare wound healing between the three groups.
Materials and Methods: Eligible patients (n=69) were randomly assigned to three groups (n=23). IPEI was done with either NS, CG or PI. Two primary outcomes were assessed- Pain (VAS score, 0-10) on post operative day (POD) 3, 5 and 7 and wound healing on POD 7.
Results: Kruskal-Wallis test conducted for age, pain score and pain score difference, which indicated that all three were comparable across the groups at the assessed time points. Multivariate analysis revealed that none of the covariates had a statistically significant effect on the pain score difference between POD 7-3 and POD 5-3. However, the type of irrigating solution used approached significance in both models. Kruskal-Wallis test showed no significant difference between wound healing scores across the three groups.
Conclusion: There was no difference in pain scores or difference in pain scores across the three groups at the assessed time points. The gender, age, ASA category and clinical status of the tooth being extracted had no significant effect on pain. There was no difference in wound healing scores across the 3 groups.

Assessment of traffic police personnel knowledge and attitudes about immediate emergency management of traumatic dental injuries-a cross-sectional study

2024-12-31

Aim: The provision of prehospital emergency care in develo-ping nations is limited due to resource limitations, such as a shortage of trained first aid staff, resulting in reliance on untrained individuals. To avoid potential consequences following dental trauma due to road traffic accidents, traffic police personnel play an important role for first aid management. Hence, the aim of this study is to investigate the level of knowledge and attitude about emergency management of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) among traffic police personnel during road traffic accidents.
Materials and Methods: A questionnaire-based cross-sec-tional study was conducted among 98 traffic police personnel from October 2022 to December 2022. A 15-item self-designed questionnaire was prepared using the standardized focus group discussion method. The survey gathered data on first aid training, and time and management of fractured, displaced, and avulsed teeth, followed by statistical analysis.
Results: Of a total score of 15, the mean knowledge score for traffic police personnel was 4.12±1.16. Almost 87.76% of respondents reported an injury during road traffic accidents. Only 27.55% have learned the management of dental injuries in first-aid training. 43.88% said that the fractured part of the tooth is useless, and 88.78% do not have sufficient knowledge to save the completely displaced tooth. 38.78% preferred a cloth piece to pick out knocked-out teeth. Only 34.70% considered milk as the storage medium for the avulsed teeth.
Conclusion: This study suggests that there needs to be better knowledge among the traffic police personnel regarding procedures to follow in an emergency related to TDIs, which indicates a high need for further training to improve the knowledge among them.

Factors associated with failure in the scores of the national dentistry exam in peru, 2017-2021

Bryan Alexis Cossio-Alva — 2024-12-31

Introduction: In Peru, there is little research on academic performance of dentistry students in the exit exam. Objective: To determine the factors associated with failure in the scores of the National Dentistry Exam (Examen Nacional de Odontología - ENAO) among applicants to the Peruvian Rural and Urban Marginal Health Service (Servicio Rural y Urbano Marginal de Salud - SERUMS) during 2017-2021.
Materials and Methods: This is an observational, analytical, and cross-sectional study. The dependent variable was the failing score (score < 10.5 points). Descriptive statistics were calculated and associated factors were obtained using generalised linear models.
Results: Among the 7275 examinees, the average failure rate was 31% and graduates from private universities were the ones who obtained failing scores the most. The factors associated with failing the ENAO were the nationality of the applicants (Peruvians failed the most, p=0.032), sex (women failed the most, p<0.001), the type of university (applicants from private universities failed the most, p<0.001), whether the university of graduation was located in Lima (applicants from provinces failed the most, p=0.014), the region where the university was located (applicants from the highlands failed the most, p<0.001) and the year of application (2021 had the most number of failing scores, p<0.001).
Conclusion: Three out of ten applicants have a failing score in the ENAO and there are associated factors. This opens discussion about whether universities are training future dentistry professionals well from the theoretical point of view, whether this score must be used for them to practice their career or not, and what actions must be taken to improve the situation.

Oral health status of elderly people according to condition and degree of functional dependence in the district of paihuano, chile

Thabata Castañón-Molina — 2024-12-31

Introduction: Population aging represents a significant social cost due to its association with systemic and oral diseases. The present study aimed to determine the oral health status of a group of elderly people (EP) treated at the Family Health Care Center (CESFAM, for its acronym in Spanish) in the district of Paihuano, Chile, according to their condition and degree of functional dependence.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 108 elderly people (EP), both with and without functional dependence, all of them enrolled at the CESFAM of the district of Paihuano, Chile. Sociodemographic, medical, and dental variables were assessed through a questionnaire and clinical examination.
Results: The mean number of crowns, healthy crowns and missing crowns in the dependent group was 2.9±5.3, 1.5±3.2, and 27.7±7.9, respectively, while in the independent group, these values were 11.5±8.7, 6.4±5.3, and 20.4±0.3, respectively. The mean Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) for EP with and without dependence was 1.3±0.8. Maxillary edentulism was observed in 72.2% of dependent individuals and in 24.1% of independent individuals, while mandibular edentulism affected 63.0% of dependent individuals and 13.0% of independent individuals.
Conclusion: Dependent EP had fewer crowns, fewer healthy crowns, and a higher number of missing crowns than independent EP. The IHO-S indices were categorized as fair for both dependent and independent individuals. Dependent EP had a higher prevalence of edentulism than their independent counterparts.

Prevalence of postoperative complications of mandibular fractures at the Dr. Gustavo Fricke Hospital, Chile: a six-year study

Marco Nasi Toso — 2024-12-31

Introduction: Postoperative complications following the resolution of mandibular fractures are a complex and significant challenge for hospital services. The characteristics of the lower third of the face, combined with individual patient factors can complicate treatment out-comes. A thorough understanding of the factors involved in these complications will allow health teams to imple-ment preventive measures and optimize the allocation of resources. Objective: To describe the complications identified following surgical intervention for mandibular fractures at the Dr. Gustavo Fricke Hospital (HGF, for its acronym in Spanish) over a six-year follow-up period.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted using anonymized data obtained from medical records of patients who underwent surgery over a period of 6 years.
Results: Among the total sample, 23 subjects expe-rienced postoperative complications, corresponding to 15.65% of the total number of patients. The most prevalent complication was infection (38.71%), with a predominance observed in male patients with ages ranging between 20 and 39 years. Interpersonal violence was the primary etiology with the highest number of complications.
Conclusion: Postoperative complications accounted for 15.65%, with infection being the most common. Pro-portionately, women experienced complications at a higher rate than men. A greater incidence of complications was observed in young adults. Fracture complexity was shown to be a statistically significant factor for postopera-tive complications, with comminuted fractures posing the highest risk for complications.

Effect of workflow on the internal fit of pressed lithium disilicate restorations

Fabian Acuña Silva — 2024-12-31

Introduction: Computer-aided design and machining (CAD/CAM) and 3D printing provide interesting alternatives for fabricating patterns used in the injection of glass ceramics. However, there is limited evidence regarding the accuracy and precision of the resulting restorations. The aim of this study is to compare the internal fit of pressed lithium disilicate restorations produced from patterns created using manual wax-up, 3D printing, and CAD/CAM.
Materials and Methods: Thirty-six mandibular molar models with mesio-occluso-distal cavities were 3D printed. Injection patterns for these cavities were created using manual wax-up (MW), 3D printing (3DP), and CAD/CAM (CC) (n=12). The patterns were then injected with lithium disilicate, and the resulting restorations were adhesively cemented onto the models. The obtained samples were sectioned mesio-distally, and the internal fit between the restorations and the models was analyzed using a stereoscopic magnifier. The results were evaluated using ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test (0.05).
Results: The CC group showed the highest fit values (135 µm), which were significantly more accurate than those of the 3DP (203 µm) and MW (224 µm) groups. Additionally, the CC group also achieved the highest levels of accuracy.
Conclusion: The pattern-making technique is a critical factor in determining the internal fit of pressed lithium disilicate restorations. While CAD/CAM remains the most accurate and precise technique, 3D printing seems to be an interesting alternative for the future.

Evaluating the presence and distribution of myofibroblasts in oral submucous fibrosis, oral squamous cell carcinoma and fibroma: an immunohistochemical study

Kumbhar Gauri — 2024-12-31

Background: Myofibroblasts are differentiated fibro-blasts that carry out the function of physiological repair upon injury within the tissue and also are considered to be responsible for inducing fibrosis causing pathological remodelling of tissue. These cells take up alpha-smooth muscle actin (?-SMA) stain which helps to determine their biological activity in physiological as well as pathological conditions. Aim: To evaluate the presence and distribution of myofibroblasts in Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF), Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC), and fibroma using ?-SMA immunohistochemical (IHC) marker.
Materials and Methods: An the present study evaluation of the expression of myofibroblasts in OSMF (Group-1; n= 20), OSCC (Group-2; n=35) and fibroma (Group-3; n=20) using IHC using ?-SMA in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens was carried out. The staining intensity, percentage of cells and staining index between the three groups was analysed. Statistical analysis: Spearman correlation test was used to analyse cell distribution, stain type, and percentage of stained cells across the three research groups.
Results: Staining Index was highest in group II i.e. OSCC (70%) compared to group I i.e. OSMF (20%). In OSCC cases, moderately differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma exhi-bited intense staining intensity whereas OSMF showed mild to moderate intensity and fibroma did not show any intense staining intensity.
Conclusion: We conclude that fibroblast myofibroblast staining increases in increasing grades of OSCC. When compared to OSCC, OSMF (Oral Potentially Malignant Disorder) displayed a nearly identical ratio of mild to moderate staining intensity. When correlated with aetiology, fibroma, a benign tumour, only exhibits mild to moderate severity and is mostly associated with a traumatic background.

Analysis of bibliometric studies in the field of stomatology: a meta bibliometric approach

Walter Tabraj Zacarias — 2024-12-31

Objectivo: The objective of the present study was to analyze the characteristics of scientific production and thematic synthesis of bibliometric studies in the field of stomatology.
Materials and Methods: A bibliometric method was followed to analyze studies under the same methodology in three specialized databases: Scopus (n=160), Web of Science (n=107) and Pubmed (85) where 352 articles were obtained which were reduced by the presence of duplicates (n=160), incorrect language (n=2) and gray literature (n=6), a final sample of 184 bibliometric articles was obtained for the analysis.
Results: The most relevant results were: 4.06% annual increase in scientific production from 2000 - 2022, predominance of Brazilian and Chinese institutions in the production of bibliometric articles, higher percentage of journals indexed in Q1 as sources of bibliometric analysis. Likewise, three driving thematic lines were identified: "Endodontic procedures in children and adolescents", "Dental education and stomatological bibliometrics" and "Evidence of orthodontic application", peripheral thematic lines such as "Bibliometric indicators applied to stomatology" as an emerging topic and "Scientific production in the stomatological field" as a declining topic.
Conclusion: There was a significant increase in scientific production during the health crisis and the countries that carried out health reforms had greater scientific production.