Ciencia y Enfermería

WORK OVERLOAD IN NURSING AND ITS CONSEQUENCES IN THE PERFORMANCE OF CARE

2025-05-14T12:10:31-04:00

Es indispensable hacer un alto en el camino y pensar en aquellas manifestaciones biopsicosociales que muestran los sujetos de cuidado por la carga laboral excesiva de parte del personal de enfermería. Se vuelve fundamental poder abordar este tema en las instituciones de salud y no solo con el personal en mención sino con los demás profesionales de salud, con el propósito de implementar un seguimiento y trazabilidad del cuidado.

SELF-PERCEPTION OF SWALLOWING IN INDIVIDUALS WITH COVID-19 IN MEDIUM-BASIC CARE UNITS AND NON-HOSPITALISED SETTINGS

2025-03-23T12:41:27-04:00

Objective: To describe the self-perception of swallowing of people in Santiago de Chile who suffered from COVID-19 between March 2020 and September 2022 and were hospitalized in medium-basic care units or were not hospitalized. Material and Method: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study that included 36 participants who suffered
COVID-19, separated into groups of hospitalized and non-hospitalized individuals. The Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) questionnaire was used. Results: The mean age of the
hospitalized group was 39.95 years, compared to 37.38 years for the non-hospitalized group. The mean number of days of hospitalization was 19.78. The overall mean of the EAT-10 score for the hospitalized and non-hospitalized group was 4.83 and 2.67 points, respectively. The group of non-hospitalized individuals concentrated more responses in the
“no problem” category than the group of hospitalized individuals. This group reported greater self-perceived alteration in the parameters of swallowing safety, efficiency,
competence and comfort. Conclusions: Those who were hospitalized perceived greater
alteration in the parameters of swallowing safety, efficiency, competence and swallowing comfort. The mean EAT-10 score indicates the risk of dysphagia among hospitalized patients. Further research on quality of life is suggested.

KNOWLEDGE, USE OF NUTRITIONAL LABELING, CONSUMPTION AND PREFERENCES FOR ULTRA-PROCESSED FOODS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

2025-02-05T21:37:33-05:00

Objective: To determine the knowledge of and use of nutrition labelling as well as perceptions about the consumption of ultra-processed products among university students using a mixed methods study. Material and Method: This mixed-methods study analyzed nutrition knowledge, the use of nutrition labelling, and consumption of ultra-
processed products among the university population. A total of 423 adults between 18 and 30 years of age completed a structured questionnaire, and 9 students participated in a semi-structured interview. Descriptive analysis and Chi² test were performed. A thematic analysis was performed on the qualitative data. Results: Front-of-package labelling provides quick and easy-to-understand information (95% of participants had knowledge and comprehension). Around 19% of participants used labelling to decide
which product to purchase. 57.21% considered an affordable price to be essential when choosing processed foods or beverages. Despite being aware of the nutritional labeling
system, university students indicated a preference for the frequent consumption of ultra- processed products due to their taste, availability, and price. Conclusion: Labeling policies must be strengthened to include warning messages that improve understanding of ultra-processed product components. Furthermore, more studies are needed to better
understand how to encourage consumers to choose healthier foods.

VALIDATION OF THE COSTA RICAN APPRAISAL OF SELF-CARE AGENCY SCALE

2025-01-14T12:16:04-05:00

Objective: To evaluate the construct validity and reliability of the Appraisal of Self- Care Agency Scale among university students majoring in health-related fields. Material and Method: An instrumental design was employed using a convenience
sample of health-sciences students from two Costa Rican universities. Data was collected via an online survey in October 2023, sent to all eligible students (response rate: 30.16%; final sample: n= 361; mean age= 23.61 ± 5.30 years). Participants under 18 were excluded. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis was
conducted to assess the fit of different models. Results: After respecification, the model showed good fit to a three-factor structure (?2= 240, df= 72, p < .001; CFI=
.90, TLI= .88, RMSEA= .08, SRMR= .06). Conclusions: The respecified three-
factor model proved to be a better solution than the traditional unifactorial model for health-related students. The alignment between the designations used for the three
factors and the original theoretical model of the instrument was also discussed.

COVID-19 VACCINATION STATUS AMONG UNDERGRADUATE NURSING STUDENTS

2025-01-06T13:20:56-05:00

Objective: To know the status of vaccination against COVID-19 among undergraduate nursing students. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach, conducted with undergraduate nursing students of a private university located in southern Brazil. A non-probabilistic purposive sample of 60 enrolled students was used. Data collection was performed between September and December 2024 and the instrument measured sociodemographic aspects and a structured questionnaire with 6 questions related to their COVID-19 vaccination status. Before the final application, a pilot test was conducted with a group of five randomly selected nursing students. Data analysis was performed using
simple descriptive statistics. Results: 90% of the participants (n= 54) responded that they had no problems
to participate in the immunization, on the other hand, 10% expressed vaccine hesitancy. The denialist
movements may have influenced the lack of adherence to vaccination in the small group of students.
Conclusion: The study shows that students are committed to public/community/family health through immunization.

CULTURAL COMPETENCES IN NURSING FOR AFFIRMATIVE AND COMPREHENSIVE CARE FOR TRANS PEOPLE

2024-12-18T13:45:53-05:00

Objective: To explore the cultural competence in nursing that facilitates comprehensive, affirmative, and respectful care for trans people, considering the dimensions of sensitivity (affective), skills (technical),
and knowledge (intellectual) in care interventions. Material and Method: A qualitative and interpretive case study was conducted with 16 nursing professionals from a public health hospital in Chile (South Metropolitan Health Service), through in-depth semi-structured interviews, with prior informed consent and no refusals or dropouts. Responses were transcribed and organized into categories using illustrative vignettes. Through thematic analysis and coding, a codebook of up to fourteen codes was developed, from which a final category was determined. Theoretical saturation was reached at the ninth interview, but all 16 interviews were completed for greater depth. In terms of methodological rigor and quality, the criteria of credibility, transferability, dependency, and confirmability were considered. Results: 3 categories
emerged: I. knowledge; II. nursing care; III. comprehensive care. Conclusions: Cultural competence in
nursing was essential to provide comprehensive and affirmative care to trans people. An innovative vision
promoting respect for diversity and training in cultural competence to plan appropriate care was key.
Professionals demonstrated awareness of trans needs, particularly in mental health, and implemented
sensitive and effective assessments and care plans.

WORKING CONDITIONS OF NURSES AND PATIENT SAFETY IN A PERUVIAN PUBLIC HOSPITAL

2024-11-30T22:57:29-05:00

Objective: To establish the relationship between the working conditions of nurses and patient safety management in a Peruvian public hospital. Material and Method: Quantitative, basic, correlational research conducted in 2022; the population consisted of 300 nursing professionals working in a hospital in Callao, Lima, Peru, with a sample size of 169 at a 95% confidence level. Using a Google Forms questionnaire, the self-assessment of working conditions by García Ubaque and the Surveys on Patient Safety Culture (SOPS) 2.0 were applied, both validated (0.788 and 0.724) by KR20 and Cronbach’s alpha, respectively. Descriptive statistics were applied using the SPSS statistical software version 27.0 to assess the level of categorical variables, and based on numerical values, the non-parametric Spearman’s rho test was applied with 95% confidence, establishing significance with values below 0.05. Results: Risky working conditions were found (80.2%), with the majority being extralaboral risks (84.5%); 100% of participants rated patient safety
management as a strength, with communication safety being the most prominent (99.4%). Conclusions:
The lower the risky working conditions, the greater the strengths in patient safety management.

FAMILY FUNCTIONING AND SOCIAL SUPPORT ON THE EATING HABITS OF PEOPLE WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES

2025-04-13T01:03:17-04:00

Objective: To analyze how family functioning and the social support perceived and provided by the family members influence the eating habits of people with type 2 diabetes.
Material and Method: A descriptive, cross-sectional study with a correlational design and convenience sampling. A total of 161 family dyads (322 participants in total) were recruited from Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Of these participants, 161 had type 2 diabetes
and 161 were family members. The APGAR Family and Berlin Social Support Scales, the Family Eating Habits Questionnaire, and a data sheet were applied. Results: Women
predominated; the average age was 52.2 (patients) and 36.1 (family members). Families consisted of nuclear families with an average of 4.24 members. Eating habits were related to family functioning (r= 0.522, p? ,001), social support perceived by patients (r= 0.407, p? .001), and social support provided by family members (r= 0.368, p? .001); 28.6% of the
variance in eating habits was explained by family functioning (?= .93) and social support provided by family members (?= 0.20). Conclusions: In the family dyads there was a relationship between the studied variables: patients and family members reported good family functioning, patients and family members perceived social support from their families. Both groups also indicated having adequate eating habits. Family functioning and the social support provided by family members explain the eating habits of patients with type 2 diabetes.

CONTENT VALIDITY OF THE ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION SCALE IN FAMILY CAREGIVERS OF CHRONIC PATIENTS IN COLOMBIA

2025-02-11T16:54:32-05:00

Objective: To evaluate the face and content validity of the Anxiety and Depression Scale HADS in family
caregivers of people with chronic non-communicable diseases in Colombia. Materials and Methods:
Psychometric study. To determine the content validity, 9 expert judges in the clinical or research field were
invited. Clarity, redundancy and relevance of the items were assessed using the Lawshe index modified
by Tristán. Face validity was established by a cognitive interview with 30 family caregivers of people
with chronic diseases. Results: For content validity, 13 of 14 items on the Anxiety and Depression Scale
HADS presented an adjusted content validity ratio (CVR) greater than 0.7. Item 2 showed a CVR of 0.5,
which required analysis and semantic adjustment by the validation committee. In terms of face validity,
it was found that for all items, 87% or more of the participants reported adequate understanding, recall,
judgment, and appropriateness of the items. The semantics of items 1, 2, 8, 9, 11, and 14 were adjusted.
Conclusions: The Anxiety and Depression Scale HADS has adequate psychometric properties of content
and face validity for use in caregivers of people with chronic illness in the Colombian context.

MEANINGS AND EXPERIENCES OF NURSES DURING THE PROFESSIONAL INCORPORATION IN THE HEALTH CODE IN CHILE

2025-01-21T13:43:17-05:00

Objective: To reveal the experiences of nurses during the ethical-legal transition in the practice of the profession in Chile, regarding the inclusion of nursing in the Health Code in 1997. Materials and Methods: Qualitative-descriptive study, with a phenomenological approach and a design based on Schutz's Theory of Meaning applied to 8 nurses, through an interview. To ensure the rigor of the study, the criteria proposed by Lincoln and Guba were followed. Regarding ethical rigor, the
participants voluntarily signed an informed consent form and the study was reviewed and approved by a university ethics committee. Results: 3 dimensions were defined: subjective, intersubjective and the motivation of the respondent´s experience, each of which was composed of different categories. Conclusion: The
experience of nurses is difficult to interpret and understand despite the universality of the sample and the specificity of the phenomenon, nevertheless the dimensions are interesting to analyze in depth.

DISCOURSES AND PRACTICES OF ACCEPTABILITY IN HEALTH CARE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF HEALTHCARE PERSONNEL AND MIGRANTS

2025-01-03T09:22:37-05:00

Objective: To understand, based on the discourses and practices of migrants and health officials, what
elements operate in the acceptability dimension of the right to health in the process of using the health system in the city of Antofagasta (Chile). Materials and Methods: Qualitative, phenomenological study with elements of grounded theory. The non-probabilistic, snowball sample in both groups consisted of 17 health
professionals and 8 international migrant users of the Chilean health system. The semi-structured in-person or online interviews lasting approximately 60 minutes, were conducted between October and November 2020. Saturation took into account information redundancy and variability. Thematic analysis was applied through repeated readings of the transcripts. Results: Subcategories of language, comprehension, and communication emerged from predetermined categories of language, culture, and ethics. Conclusions: Strategies such as language appropriateness, non-use of technical words, added to educational and origin characteristics of migrants allow for greater comprehension of the information. Cultural elements allow for greater understanding and adherence in migrants. Ethics in health practice encourages the establishment of close relationships and the visualization of the other as a human being with rights and dignity. This
approach fosters mutual respect during the care process.

CHALLENGES FACED BY PRIMARY CARE NURSES IN THE PREVENTION OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS IN ADOLESCENTS

2024-05-07T10:42:04-04:00

Objective: To identify the obstacles faced by primary care nurses in implementing strategies for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in adolescents.
Materials and Methods: Qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study, conducted with an intentional and non-probabilistic sample of 5 nurses working in primary care in the
municipality of Santana do Mundaú, Alagoas, Brazil, who were interviewed in a semi- structured interview between September and October 2023. During the first face-to-face
interview, the informed consent form was read and signed. As the number of professionals interviewed was limited, 2 interviews were conducted in order to achieve greater depth of
the phenomenon and theoretical data saturation. The collected data were categorized in NVIVO12 software and subjected to content analysis according to the methodological
framework proposed by Bardin. Results: The results are presented in three categories: lack of demand from adolescents for health services; excessive work demands and lack of
material resources; interference from parents/guardians. Conclusions: The obstacles faced by nurses working in primary health care for the prevention of STIs in adolescents are
rooted in the absence of this population in health services, high work demands, lack of material resources and parental interference in participating in such activities in the school context.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ONTARIO REGISTERED NURSES`S ASSOCIATION (RNAO) GUIDELINES THROUGH PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING

2025-01-07T08:35:31-05:00

Evidence-based practice is essential to improve quality of care, clinical safety and reduce health care costs. However, nurses are not adequately trained to apply this practice in their clinical decisions, which calls for its integration into curricula. This article
describes the implementation of five guidelines developed by the Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario (RNAO) in Canada through Problem-Based Learning, at the School of Nursing of the University of Talca, Chile, in the year 2024.

IMPLEMENTATION OF FOUR CLINICAL BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINES FROM THE REGISTERED NURSES' ASSOCIATION OF ONTARIO (RNAO) IN THE NURSING PROGRAM AT THE UNIVERSITY OF TALCA, CHILE

2024-12-12T11:32:03-05:00

The present article discusses the implementation of four Best Practice Guidelines (BPG) from the Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario (RNAO) in a second-year disciplinary module at the School of Nursing of the University of Talca, Chile, during the year 2023, following a competency-based educational model. The BPGs implemented were: 1) Pain Assessment and management, 2) Prevention of falls and reduction of fall-related injuries, 3) Risk assessment and prevention of pressure injuries for interprofessional teams, 4) Vascular access. These guidelines served as a valuable resource for students to support care during their clinical experiences, with an average success rate of over 90% in applying the recommendations of the selected BPGs.